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We are witnessing an important evolution in Western society of the condemnation and legal justice as regard to sexual violence towards children, teenager especially girls, but also young boys. It is in this context that my research has been carried out. There has been a double investigation; legislative sociology; and judicial sociology. They put up to date the important placing of age reference, the evolution as regarding sexual norms and representations of illicit sexual relations.The first investigation of legislative historic sociology carries on the evolution of French penal codes dating from the French Revolution to today. It is censed on slow mutations of categories of incrimination that consent (no longer the matrimonial state) becomes the major point that separates permission and the forbidden. The second inquiry of judicial sociology was carried out int the archives of two correctional courts, two children correctional courts in the South of France. It carries upon the documentation of eighty-one judged cases from 2010 for sexual offences against minors. The aim is to put light upon penal qualification of facts, not only the problem of legal proof but also changes as regard to social and judicial norms. The point these two inquiries have in common i the update of two forms of sexual consent: statuary and situation.Throughout this research, the facts were analyzed from different angles: the social-juridical treatment of ages status (minors vs of age and minors vs minors). The meaning given to the age of consent, and legal responsibility; the legal difficulties as regard to incest and finally gender discrepancies between victims and aggressors. ; On assiste dans les sociétés occidentales à une évolution importante de la reconnaissance, de la condamnation morale et de la répression judiciaire des violences sexuelles faites aux enfants et aux jeunes, en particulier filles mais aussi garçons. C'est dans ce cadre général que s'inscrit cette recherche. A partir de deux enquêtes, l'une de sociologie législative, l'autre de sociologie judiciaire, elle propose de mettre au jour la place cruciale accordée désormais à la référence à l'âge dans l'évolution des normes et représentations du permis et de l'interdit sexuels.La première enquête de sociologie historique et législative porte sur l'évolution du droit pénal français de la Révolution à aujourd'hui, et est centrée sur les mutations des catégories d'incrimination au fur et à mesure que le consentement (et non plus le statut matrimonial) devient le critère majeur séparant le permis et l'interdit. La seconde enquête de sociologie judiciaire a été menée au sein de deux tribunaux correctionnels et deux tribunaux pour enfants dans le sud de la France. Elle porte sur un corpus d'archives de 81 affaires jugées en 2010 pour délits sexuels sur des mineurs, et vise à éclairer la façon dont interviennent dans la qualification pénale des faits, non seulement les problèmes de preuve mais les changements de normes juridiques et sociales. Le point commun aux deux enquêtes est la mise au jour et l'exploration de deux formes de consentement sexuel : situationnel et statutaire.Tout au long de cette recherche sont analysés sous différents angles, le traitement sociojuridique des statuts d'âge (mineur/majeur et mineur/mineur), le sens accordé aux seuils d'âge (consentement, discernement), les embarras du droit face à l'inceste, et enfin les asymétries de genre tant du côté des victimes que des auteurs.

We are witnessing an important evolution in Western society of the condemnation and legal justice as regard to sexual violence towards children, teenager especially girls, but also young boys. It is in this context that my research has been carried out. There has been a double investigation; legislative sociology; and judicial sociology. They put up to date the important placing of age reference, the evolution as regarding sexual norms and representations of illicit sexual relations.The first investigation of legislative historic sociology carries on the evolution of French penal codes dating from the French Revolution to today. It is censed on slow mutations of categories of incrimination that consent (no longer the matrimonial state) becomes the major point that separates permission and the forbidden. The second inquiry of judicial sociology was carried out int the archives of two correctional courts, two children correctional courts in the South of France. It carries upon the documentation of eighty-one judged cases from 2010 for sexual offences against minors. The aim is to put light upon penal qualification of facts, not only the problem of legal proof but also changes as regard to social and judicial norms. The point these two inquiries have in common i the update of two forms of sexual consent: statuary and situation.Throughout this research, the facts were analyzed from different angles: the social-juridical treatment of ages status (minors vs of age and minors vs minors). The meaning given to the age of consent, and legal responsibility; the legal difficulties as regard to incest and finally gender discrepancies between victims and aggressors. ; On assiste dans les sociétés occidentales à une évolution importante de la reconnaissance, de la condamnation morale et de la répression judiciaire des violences sexuelles faites aux enfants et aux jeunes, en particulier filles mais aussi garçons. C'est dans ce cadre général que s'inscrit cette recherche. A partir de deux enquêtes, l'une de sociologie ...

We are witnessing an important evolution in Western society of the condemnation and legal justice as regard to sexual violence towards children, teenager especially girls, but also young boys. It is in this context that my research has been carried out. There has been a double investigation; legislative sociology; and judicial sociology. They put up to date the important placing of age reference, the evolution as regarding sexual norms and representations of illicit sexual relations.The first investigation of legislative historic sociology carries on the evolution of French penal codes dating from the French Revolution to today. It is censed on slow mutations of categories of incrimination that consent (no longer the matrimonial state) becomes the major point that separates permission and the forbidden. The second inquiry of judicial sociology was carried out int the archives of two correctional courts, two children correctional courts in the South of France. It carries upon the documentation of eighty-one judged cases from 2010 for sexual offences against minors. The aim is to put light upon penal qualification of facts, not only the problem of legal proof but also changes as regard to social and judicial norms. The point these two inquiries have in common i the update of two forms of sexual consent: statuary and situation.Throughout this research, the facts were analyzed from different angles: the social-juridical treatment of ages status (minors vs of age and minors vs minors). The meaning given to the age of consent, and legal responsibility; the legal difficulties as regard to incest and finally gender discrepancies between victims and aggressors. ; On assiste dans les sociétés occidentales à une évolution importante de la reconnaissance, de la condamnation morale et de la répression judiciaire des violences sexuelles faites aux enfants et aux jeunes, en particulier filles mais aussi garçons. C'est dans ce cadre général que s'inscrit cette recherche. A partir de deux enquêtes, l'une de sociologie législative, l'autre de sociologie judiciaire, elle propose de mettre au jour la place cruciale accordée désormais à la référence à l'âge dans l'évolution des normes et représentations du permis et de l'interdit sexuels.La première enquête de sociologie historique et législative porte sur l'évolution du droit pénal français de la Révolution à aujourd'hui, et est centrée sur les mutations des catégories d'incrimination au fur et à mesure que le consentement (et non plus le statut matrimonial) devient le critère majeur séparant le permis et l'interdit. La seconde enquête de sociologie judiciaire a été menée au sein de deux tribunaux correctionnels et deux tribunaux pour enfants dans le sud de la France. Elle porte sur un corpus d'archives de 81 affaires jugées en 2010 pour délits sexuels sur des mineurs, et vise à éclairer la façon dont interviennent dans la qualification pénale des faits, non seulement les problèmes de preuve mais les changements de normes juridiques et sociales. Le point commun aux deux enquêtes est la mise au jour et l'exploration de deux formes de consentement sexuel : situationnel et statutaire.Tout au long de cette recherche sont analysés sous différents angles, le traitement sociojuridique des statuts d'âge (mineur/majeur et mineur/mineur), le sens accordé aux seuils d'âge (consentement, discernement), les embarras du droit face à l'inceste, et enfin les asymétries de genre tant du côté des victimes que des auteurs.

Autrefois crime spécifique, l'inceste est devenu un cas particulier des infractions sexuelles dans le Code pénal français contemporain. Il existe aujourd'hui un enjeu sur son traitement pénal, le qualifier pénalement ne va pas de soi. On invoque en général un problème de preuves matérielles des faits : faits anciens, absence de témoin, pas de trace physique. Mais au-delà, il y a des incertitudes à viser les liens de famille incestueux et établir la preuve du non-consentement du mineur victime d'inceste. Cet article s'appuie sur un corpus de 27 affaires de violences sexuelles intrafamiliales sur mineur jugées au cours de l'année 2010, au sein de tribunaux pour enfants et tribunaux correctionnels français. Il examine les modalités d'application du droit pénal pour incriminer et sanctionner l'inceste. Les dossiers judiciaires témoignent de disparités importantes dans la qualification pénale. Certains liens de familles sont considérés comme incestueux, d'autres non dès lors que l'on sort de la parenté en ligne directe. L'article met également en lumière que l'âge prévaut sur les liens de famille. Ainsi, se confirme l'émergence d'un non-consentement statutaire lié à l'âge qui assimile l'inceste dans un rapport généalogique et inégal majeur/mineur.

As a specific crime, incest has become a special case of sexual offences in the contemporary French criminal code. There is now a challenge to its criminal treatment, which is not a criminal offence. In general, there is a problem of material evidence of the facts: old facts, absence of witnesses, no physical trace. Beyond that, however, there is uncertainty in referring to incestuous family ties and establishing proof of the non-consent of the minor who is the victim of incest. This article is based on a corpus of 27 cases of intra-family sexual violence against minors tried in the course of 2010, in French child and criminal courts. It examines how criminal law is applied to criminalise and punish incest. Judicial records show significant disparities in the classification of criminal offences. Some family ties are considered to be incestuous, others are not as long as they leave the family relationship in a direct line. The article also highlights that age prevails over family ties. Thus, the emergence of a failure to consent under the Staff Regulations linked to age, which equates the incest in a genealogical and major/minor relationship. ; International audience Once a specific crime, incest became a particular case of sexual offences in the modern French penal code. Today the issue is about the penal treatment of incest, its penal qualification is far from obvious. Usually, a problem related to the physical proof is raised: lack of physical marks, outdated facts, lack of witness. There are also uncertainties to aim for incestuous family links, and to provide evidence of a minor victim's non-consent. This article is based on a corpus of 27 legal cases of child sexual abuses within families. These cases have been judged in 2010 by French children's courts or correctional courts. We study how the criminal law is applied to punish incest. The analysis focused on disparities of the incest penal qualification. Some family ties are considered incestuous, but others are not because out of the direct kinship. The ...