Suchergebnisse

This paper culminates the work undertaken in a larger study on income and labor force status commissioned by USAID in 1995. It explores populations at risk in Eastern Europe, and attempts to address three questions: Who are the poor? How much protection do these people receive from the social safety net? And How much might have to be spent to change their economic status? More specifically, a theoretical model linking the incidence of poverty to unemployment and/or being out of the labor force is posited and estimated using the logistic regression. The estimates are conditioned on the presence of other known poverty related variables which enter in both confounding and effect modifying capacities. Results from this exercise feed into a quantitative policy assessment of the adequacy of current welfare programs for those populations identified by the model as being at risk.

Ausgehend von den ökonomischen Problemen bei der Personalplanung in sowjetischen Unternehmen befaßt sich der Autor mit den insbesondere während der Wirtschaftsreformpolitik in den 60er Jahren im Rahmen der Nauchnaia organizatsiia truda i upravleniia (NOT)-Konzeption unternommenen Versuche, Organisationsstruktur, Arbeitsteilung und Personalplanung der sowjetischen Unternehmen den Erfordernissen der wissenschaftlich technischen Revolution anzupassen. Der Verfasser vermittelt in diesem Zusammenhang einen kurzen Überblick über Ursprung und Entwicklung von NOT und untersucht die praktisch-technischen Aspekte u8nd die theoretisch-methodische Stringenz, die Effizienz, Umfang und Anwendung sowie die Realisierungschancen von NOT. (BIOst-Klk)

This article examines the selection and use of a budget approval technique. Specifically, two research questions are addressed: (1) Does the use of a particular budget approval method by a governmental body impact the execution of the budget? (2) What characteristics of a local government are associated with its decision to use a particular budget approval method? Both research questions are addressed by analyzing data from public school systems in the Commonwealth of Virginia, specifically, whether using categorical budget approval differs in the accuracy of budgeting versus using a lump‐sum approval method. Characteristics of Virginia school districts are also analyzed according to whether any of them are likely to be associated with school districts using a particular approval method. The remainder of this article is organized as follows: the next section describes the role of budgeting control in schools; subsequent sections review Virginia school district budgeting practices, develop the empirical model used to test the hypotheses, describe the sample, analyze the results of empirical tests and discuss implications of the findings.