Suchergebnisse

Climate change in general and recent floods in particular in Serbia urges for creative, efficient and effective adaptation and mitigation measures to be implemented in urban and rural areas, especially in the field of transport and urban and rural tourism development. The experience show that 'hard' measures in the field of transport are costly and take time to implement, and that they have to be followed with 'soft' measures which cover the issues of management and organization in transportation sector and raising travel awareness towards more sustainable modes of transport among citizens and decision makers. This shift calls for complex conception of new adaptive planning, governance and management approaches and instruments to sustainable urban and rural development and mobility in an integrated way that is context sensitive. This paper will present contemporary theoretical and practical European approaches in the field of sustainable urban and rural development and mobility management and their applicability in Serbia aiming to identify possible directions for improvement and use specific management instruments that might work in this context. Our methodology is based on the case study framed in the elaboration of strategic project 'Integral Plan for the Sustainable Development of Rural Tourism in Eastern Serbia' in Golubac, Kladovo, Majdanpek and Negotin done within the umbrella of larger GIZ project 'Municipal economic development in the Danube Region'. We argue that it is possible to work within the community, with ordinary people, households, vine producers, and with local government representatives, incrementally, trough site visits talking with people, participative interactive workshops and formal presentations in order to build trust, raise awareness and recommend sustainable measures and projects in the field of mobility and travel awareness for urban and rural tourism development aiming at identifying possible improvement directions in Serbian context.

Medieval fortresses represent an important tangible heritage of a nation's culture and a valuable development asset for a particular destination on which its place-branding strategy for tourism could be built upon. Traditionally in Serbia, heritage protection and conservation have been mainly concentrated on the tangible aspects of cultural sites and monuments. Nevertheless, with the advent of urban heritage integration in the local sustainable development processes and place-branding strategies, a greater appreciation of the spirit of the place and its intangible components, as well as the need to adapt it to local contexts with more participatory forms of heritage planning, have started to emerge. A wide range of stakeholders brought the involvement and participation of both the local government and community members, including residents, as an indispensable element of the protection actions and broader urban development policies. The paper aims to validate the correlation between both intangible and tangible cultural heritage and its contemporary use for place branding and tourism development. In doing so, we have employed the case study method on the two fortresses on the Danube in Serbia to show the ways in which local stakeholders have mobilized their forces in cooperation with the university to use their cultural heritage assets for tourism and more extensive sustainable territorial development. We have found that despite new inclusive forms of governance, which is attracting the attention of planning and heritage practitioners in Serbia, the contemporary approach of integrative protection and the intangible aspects of cultural heritage are still not fully utilized. For this reason, in this study, we consider methods based on environmental aesthetics approaches to cultural heritage that point out the significant inclusion of immaterial intangible cultural heritage in an unbreakable bond with material tangible heritage. The most remarkable result of our research is that while a vast number of stakeholders with local knowledge and sense of the spirit of the place have been involved in the planning process, intangible aspects of the analyzed heritage cases are present in educational projects, and are only partially present if it comes to implementation. This clearly demonstrates that the focus on tangible aspects and spatial interventions of the place branding of cultural heritage is still dominant in Serbia, despite acknowledgment of the economic and social aspects of sustainability in the planning phase in educational projects.

Entrepreneurial urban governments around the world use large urban projects for promoting cities as a place for enhanced quality of life and attracting investment from an international level. However, large urban projects frequently challenge democratic planning and public interest, and break up conventional city planning models. We argue that the entrepreneurial role change of city governments call for reframing the public interest, taking into consideration both global private interests and sustainable impacts and benefits for varieties of local public interests. The paper presents the case of Belgrade Waterfront Project. Results show an efficient entrepreneurial direction of the Serbian national government, contrary to the worldwide experiences where urban governments take the lead. Still, it is questionable whether the outcomes will be just and fair, especially when it comes to 'winners' and 'losers'. We place equity at the top of agenda for public officials and planners in the creation and implementation of large-scale projects. Therefore, we believe there are varieties of public interests on various spatial levels, defined by politicians, explored by planning experts', and accepted by the citizens for obtaining broader social support.

Entrepreneurial urban governments around the world use large-scale projects for promoting cities as a place for enhanced quality of life and attracting investment from an international level. However, large urban projects frequently challenge democratic planning and public interest, and break up conventional city planning models. We argue that the changed city government's entrepreneurial role calls for reframing the public interest, taking into consideration both global private interests and sustainable impacts and benefits for varieties of local public interests. The paper presents the case of Belgrade Waterfront Project. Results show an efficient entrepreneurial direction of the Serbian national government, contrary to the worldwide experiences where urban governments take the lead. Still, it is questionable whether the outcomes will be just and fair, especially when it comes to "winners'' and "losers''. We place equity at the top of agenda for public officials and planners in the implementation of large-scale projects. Therefore, we believe there are varieties of public interests on various spatial levels, defined by politicians, explored by planning experts'', and accepted by the citizens for obtaining broader social support.

Entrepreneurial urban governments around the world use large-scale projects for promoting cities as a place for enhanced quality of life and attracting investment from an international level. However, large urban projects frequently challenge democratic planning and public interest, and break up conventional city planning models. We argue that the changed city government's entrepreneurial role calls for reframing the public interest, taking into consideration both global private interests and sustainable impacts and benefits for varieties of local public interests. The paper presents the case of Belgrade Waterfront Project. Results show an efficient entrepreneurial direction of the Serbian national government, contrary to the worldwide experiences where urban governments take the lead. Still, it is questionable whether the outcomes will be just and fair, especially when it comes to "winners'' and "losers''. We place equity at the top of agenda for public officials and planners in the implementation of large-scale projects. Therefore, we believe there are varieties of public interests on various spatial levels, defined by politicians, explored by planning experts'', and accepted by the citizens for obtaining broader social support. ; Preduzetne urbane uprave širom sveta koriste velike projekte u promociji grada za bolji kvalitet života i privlačenje investicija sa međunarodnog nivoa. Ipak, veliki urbani projekti često testiraju demokratsko planiranje i javni interes, i raskidaju konvencionalne modele planiranja gradova. Smatramo da promenjena preduzetna uloga gradskih vlasti zahteva drugačije sagledavanje javnog interesa, uzimajući u obzir istovremeno globalne privatne interese i održive uticaje i koristi za razne lokalne javne interese. Rad prikazuje slučaj projekta Beograd na vodi. Rezultati pokazuju efikasan preduzetni pravac srpske nacionalne vlade, različit od svetskih iskustava u kojima urbane uprave imaju vođstvo. Pitanje je da li će ishodi biti pravični i fer, posebno kada su u pitanju "pobednici" i "gubitnici". Postavljamo pravičnost na vrh agende za javne službenike i planere u realizaciji velikih urbanih projekata. Verujemo u postojanje varijeteta javnih interesa na različitim prostornim nivoima, definisanim od strane političara, ispitanim od strane stručnjaka u planiranju i prihvaćenim od strane građana za dobijanje šire društvene podrške.

Urban regeneration and economic development in the context of competitive global markets and impacts to Serbian cities represent challenges calling for new responses for transformative action in urban governance. Policy-makers understanding of that relation may contribute to suitable use of policy instruments for creating good business environment in cites. Business improvement districts (BIDs) represent possible model used as a management instrument for fostering local economic development, city promotion and improving the quality of urban public space and life. The paper presents theoretical approaches of policy instruments use and sets recommendations for management of BIDs based on two cases of city center's regeneration in Serbia. We argue that for BIDs to be a useful model for city center's regeneration, an appropriate use and combination of regulatory, economic and informational management instruments is necessary. ; Urbana regeneracija i ekonomski razvoj predstavljaju izazove neophodne za transformativne akcije u urbanom upravljanju u kontekstu globalnog konkurentnog tržišta i uticaja na srpske gradove. Razumevanje tih odnosa može doprineti kreatorima politika odgovarajuću upotrebu instrumenata politika za stvaranje dobre poslovne klime u gradovima. Zone unapređenog poslovanja predstavljaju mogući model koji se koristi kao menadžment instrument za podsticanje ekonomskog razvoja, promociju grada i poboljšanje kvaliteta urbanog javnog prostora i života. Rad prikazuje teorijske pristupe upotrebe instrumenata politika i daje preporuke za menadžment zona unapređenog poslovanja zasnovane na dva slučaja regeneracije gradskih centara u Srbiji. Kako bi zone unapređenog poslovanja bile koristan model za regeneraciju gradskih centara smatramo da je neophodna odgovarajuća upotreba i kombinacija regulatornih, ekonomskih i informacionih instrumenata menadžmenta.

In the last twenty-five years world cities are using strategic urban projects in the global competition to attract investment and international companies in the promotion of the city as a place for enhanced quality of life. Sometimes these projects trigger the creation of new urban policies that have wider economic and social importance for the cities, but often they are an instrument of implementation of already developed strategies. Additionally, strategic urban projects challenge, and frequently break up conventional planning models of the development of cities through comprehensive urban plans as the only instrument of governance. New models, methods and instruments for transformative action in urban governance, planning and management are needed, which take into consideration both the logic and functioning of property markets on the global competitive level and sustainable, economic and social impacts and benefits for the locality where they originate. We will present the urban management model in the implementation of strategic urban projects on the initiated case of Belgrade waterfront project. We argue that beside many similarities with worldwide cases in the process of planning and management in the realization of strategic projects, namely the private sector initiative, the Serbian case illustrates strong entrepreneurial direction of the public sector, namely the state itself. We also argue based on our methodology and research, in spite of collaborative theorists and practitioners, that it is not necessary to involve general public at large in the participatory process, but instead to focus on fair and just outcomes in the planning and management of such large scale projects, as well as obtaining a broader social support. Practical implications of this research in Serbian context are in the introduction of new models, approaches and instruments at the local government level for responsible, effective, and efficient planning and management of its territory, along with representatives of the private sector and the civil society.

This paper explores and discuses new knowledge from the comparison of European concepts on integrated urban mobility and findings in Serbian context and its applicability in the future urban development and mobility education and practice in Serbia. The initial framework for dissemination of knowledge was found within FP6 EU funded project 'Sustainable Surface Transport' that lasted from 2006 till 2010 in which the Faculty of Architecture Belgrade University participated as one of the partners with authors of this paper as coordinators of cooperation. Since then, we have developed new teaching concepts, methods and skills on the course ''Mobility in City'' at the Faculty. In that way, we were disseminating knowledge on sustainable urban transport and mobility among students, and to public officials from local and national government. Furthermore, we have recently continued to research impacts of urban mobility and land use patterns in relation to the climate change adaptation tools within scientific project from 2011 and included those findings into the education process at the same course ''Mobility in City''. As a result of the education process we have disseminated knowledge on sustainable urban transport and mobility in Serbia trough promotion of European local transportation information system web site (ELTIS) on seminars and round tables; translated more than 120 English case studies to Serbian and two guide books: Making Campaigning for Smarter Choices Work' & 'Mobility Management and Travel Awareness'; and researched and posted 14 Serbian case studies in English on mobility issues accessible on the ELTIS web site.

Urban mobility and accessibility represent major challenging issues in the functioning of the city of Belgrade, both for the city government as well as for the residents. (In) efficiency of transport systems and street network; decreased mobility and traffic congestion followed with air pollution; limited accessibility and/or dependency on car to certain urban areas especially to sprawling informal settlements at the fringe of Belgrade; spent time, effort, price and lack of comfort that many people experience on a daily bases while commuting from home to school, work, health centers, shopping malls, stores and vice verse; questionable land use still planned with traditional formal sector planning; lack of parking or park-and-ride options, as well as lack of information on mobility options, call together toward complex conception of new adaptive planning, governance and management approaches to sustainable urban development and mobility in an integrated way. Good transportation system and high quality urban environment in the 21st century means choice: quality public transport; safe bicycle traffic; encouraged walking options and pedestrian routes; and good public spaces and place to live in the city where driving a car is a choice and not a necessity. This paper will present contemporary theoretical and practical European approaches in the field of sustainable urban development and mobility management and their applicability to Serbian context trough several case studies from Belgrade as well as achieved results so far, with recommendations for further research, especially for the role of urban planners, urban managers and architects.

The focus of this paper is in reviewing the possibilities of new designed and tested teaching concepts, methods and skills at the Faculty of Architecture Belgrade University (FABU) based on the contemporary theoretical and practical European approaches in the field of sustainable urban transport and mobility and implications for future urban experts in the field of urban development and mobility practice in Serbia. The importance of knowledge and information is rapidly rising in the knowledge economy especially in cities as nodes of production, processing, exchange and even trade of knowledge. Important role in that process which occurs in cities belongs to the Universities and research institutes, beside many other relevant actors like public authorities, NGO's & CBO's, private companies, civil society. In the process of Serbia's accession to the EU the whole country is in the process of reform dealing with burdens from the past and aiming towards European values. Legislative as well as capacity building activities are present from the year of 2000 by democratically elected governments and by international NGO's and official governmental organizations (EU commission…). FABU participates in the FP6 EU funded project 'Sustainable Surface Transport' as one of the partners in the project, disseminating knowledge on sustainable urban transport and mobility. The project has enormous importance for improvement of all our institutions in the field of clean and sustainable urban transport systems and promotion and participation of Serbia in European Union projects. Benefits of using ELTIS web site is that experts from various fields can expand their knowledge on sustainable urban transport and mobility systems using findings and specific experience from other countries. With the aim of disseminating knowledge on sustainable urban transport and mobility in Serbia the Faculty of Architecture realized several activities and results on urban transport and mobility issues: • Promotion of ELTIS web site on seminars, round tables and trainings delivery in Serbia to public sector representatives (ministries, local authorities, urban planning traffic departments), NGO's (bicycle associations), private sector urban design offices. • Translation of 56 English case studies into Serbian language and 13 Serbian case studies accessible on the ELTIS web site. • In the education curriculum at the Bachelor level at the Faculty of Architecture new subject ''Mobility in cities'' was established two years ago where students work with realized EU and Serbian case studies on sustainable urban transport and mobility and its implications on urban structure, compare EU & Serbian context and give recommendations in mentioned field in soft aspects for policy issues, urban planning & management concepts, and urban design. These new teaching concepts and methods designed & conducted by the authors of this paper were tested for 2 semesters and proved to add value to the knowledge and specific expert skills in two direct ways. One was that the increased demand from the students on sustainable design and urban mobility led to the additional subject ''Traffic in cites'' introduced last year. Another direct result was visible in the Urban Design Projects on Bachelor and Master level of studies where students applied new knowledge and skills on aspects of urban design and planning of the development of cities and reaching liveable and healthy cities for all users in accordance with principles of sustainable mobility concepts. The paper explores and discuses new knowledge from the comparison of European and Serbian context and its applicability in the future urban development and mobility education and practice in Serbia.

Adaptation to climate change is a challenge that all countries and cities are facing. Open space is an important action area in local adaptation policies, due to vulnerability and potential response to various climate-related problems. Various practical, fragmented open space design approaches were recently introduced in different areas of climate sensitive action, but theoretical basis for adapting cities to climate change is still missing. Starting with premise that fragmented understanding of problems generates fragmented solutions we argue that an integral approach is necessary for open space design to be a useful instrument for adapting cities to climate change. We evaluate the Integral urbanism theory in relation to the complex role that open space is supposed to have in adapting cities to climate change. Qualities of hybridity, connectivity, porosity, authenticity and vulnerability of urban open space are analyzed in three cases in relation to the three strategic areas of climate change adaptation action: flood, overheating and droughts & water management. Results imply that adaptation to climate change using instruments of open space design requires decision makers' mindset shift - from fragmentary and problem-solving way of thinking, towards an integral and proactive one. ; Prilagođavanje klimatskim promenama izazov je sa kojim se suočavaju sve zemlje i gradovi. Otvoreni prostori su važna oblast delovanja u lokalnim politikama prilagođavanja, zbog mogućih odgovora na različite probleme vezane za klimatske promene. Nedavno su uvedeni praktični, fragmentarni pristupi dizajnu otvorenih prostora u različitim oblastima osetljivim na klimatske promene, ali nedostaje teorijska osnova u prilagođavanju gradova klimatskim promenama. Polazeći od premise da fragmentarno razumevanje problema stvara fragmentarna rešenja tvrdimo da je neophodan integralni pristup kako bi dizajn otvorenih prostora bio koristan instrument prilagođavanja gradova klimatskim promenama. Proveravamo teoriju Integralnog urbanizma u odnosu na složenu ulogu koju bi otvoreni prostori trebalo da imaju u prilagođavanju gradova klimatskim promenama. Kvaliteti hibridnosti, povezivanja, poroznosti, autentičnosti i osetljivosti dizajna urbanih otvorenih prostora analizirani su u tri slučaja u odnosu na strateška područja delovanja i prilagođavanja klimatskim promenama: poplavama, pregrevanju i sušama i upravljanju vodama. Rezultati ukazuju da prilagođavanje klimatskim promenama upotrebom instrumenata dizajna otvorenih prostora zahteva promenu svesti donosioca odluka - od fragmentarnog načina razmišljanja orijentisanog na rešavanje problema, ka proaktivnom i integralnom pristupu.