Suchergebnisse

International audience ; This article presents a part of the 'Field notebooks' of the members of the International Multidisciplinary Thematic Network (RTPi) of CNRS ApoliMer (political anthropology of the sea), which focuses on the form of government of the sea, at the crossroads of the social sciences policy and natural sciences. Throughout the text, some of the ethnographic materials from the team's fieldwork surveys are used to describe how ApoliMer tracks governance on marine and coastal lands in an interdisciplinary manner. This article is also an opportunity to expose the genesis and evolution of the RTPi, through the various 'seasons' of research that has marked its existence since its birth in 2013–2014 ; Cet article présente une partie des « carnets de terrain » des membres du groupe ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la Mer / Approche éco-politiste de la mer). Ce réseau thématique pluridisciplinaire international (RTPi) du CNRS s'intéresse aux modes de gouvernement de la mer, en combinant sciences sociales du politique, sciences de la nature et sciences de l'ingénieur. Tout au long du texte, une partie des matériaux ethnographiques issus des enquêtes de terrain de l'équipe basée au Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR) à Brest, est mobilisée pour décrire la manière dont les chercheurs décryptent les formes de gouvernement des terrains maritimes et littoraux, dans une étroite interdisciplinarité. Cet article est l'occasion d'exposer la genèse et l'évolution du RTPi, au travers de différentes "saisons" de recherches ayant marqué son existence, depuis sa naissance en 2013–2014.

The "TRAIL" initiative, proposed by the Italian, Chilean and French networks, is conceived to further develop the intersections of the fields of science communication and citizens' science. The main motivation is the need to communicate and share with a wider audience the existence, aims and activities of the LTER networks. This will increase the socio-ecological impact of LTER studies and their interactions with the civil society. TRAIL aims at creating a real movement of researchers and citizens, by planning and implementing trails connecting LTER sites in order to: i) promote LTER networks and LTER activities involving non-expert audiences, ii) involve citizens in the research carried on at the LTER sites, through the launch of citizens' science (CS) initiatives, iii) contribute to the increase of the ecological awareness and literacy, and iv) integrate local and international scales of ecological phenomena and LTER networks. The main purposes of the initiative are: 1) to improve the spreading of knowledge of local environments and of the on-going LTER activities through direct experience; 2) to start gathering and submitting scientific data by a large number of volunteers; 3) to integrate local data with global scale ones through networks of LTER sites; 4) to encourage inter-continental collaborations among Northern and Southern Hemisphere researchers and communities. The appropriate scientific questions, that will aggregate citizens, LTER scientists, and stakeholders, will be discussed and defined within each national network and LTER site involved in the initiative. One of the first, common elements is the high mountain biodiversity of the European Alps and Apennines, and the high latitude ecosystems of Cape Horn in South America. TRAIL aims at stimulating CS within the I-LTER network, meaning in different cultural, economic, scientific and political contexts. This provides a unique opportunity to examine various facets of CS in different geographical contexts.

International audience ; This article presents a part of the 'Field notebooks' of the members of the International Multidisciplinary Thematic Network (RTPi) of CNRS ApoliMer (political anthropology of the sea), which focuses on the form of government of the sea, at the crossroads of the social sciences policy and natural sciences. Throughout the text, some of the ethnographic materials from the team's fieldwork surveys are used to describe how ApoliMer tracks governance on marine and coastal lands in an interdisciplinary manner. This article is also an opportunity to expose the genesis and evolution of the RTPi, through the various 'seasons' of research that has marked its existence since its birth in 2013–2014 ; Cet article présente une partie des « carnets de terrain » des membres du groupe ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la Mer / Approche éco-politiste de la mer). Ce réseau thématique pluridisciplinaire international (RTPi) du CNRS s'intéresse aux modes de gouvernement de la mer, en combinant sciences sociales du politique, sciences de la nature et sciences de l'ingénieur. Tout au long du texte, une partie des matériaux ethnographiques issus des enquêtes de terrain de l'équipe basée au Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR) à Brest, est mobilisée pour décrire la manière dont les chercheurs décryptent les formes de gouvernement des terrains maritimes et littoraux, dans une étroite interdisciplinarité. Cet article est l'occasion d'exposer la genèse et l'évolution du RTPi, au travers de différentes "saisons" de recherches ayant marqué son existence, depuis sa naissance en 2013–2014.

International audience ; This article presents a part of the 'Field notebooks' of the members of the International Multidisciplinary Thematic Network (RTPi) of CNRS ApoliMer (political anthropology of the sea), which focuses on the form of government of the sea, at the crossroads of the social sciences policy and natural sciences. Throughout the text, some of the ethnographic materials from the team's fieldwork surveys are used to describe how ApoliMer tracks governance on marine and coastal lands in an interdisciplinary manner. This article is also an opportunity to expose the genesis and evolution of the RTPi, through the various 'seasons' of research that has marked its existence since its birth in 2013–2014 ; Cet article présente une partie des « carnets de terrain » des membres du groupe ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la Mer / Approche éco-politiste de la mer). Ce réseau thématique pluridisciplinaire international (RTPi) du CNRS s'intéresse aux modes de gouvernement de la mer, en combinant sciences sociales du politique, sciences de la nature et sciences de l'ingénieur. Tout au long du texte, une partie des matériaux ethnographiques issus des enquêtes de terrain de l'équipe basée au Laboratoire des sciences de l'environnement marin (LEMAR) à Brest, est mobilisée pour décrire la manière dont les chercheurs décryptent les formes de gouvernement des terrains maritimes et littoraux, dans une étroite interdisciplinarité. Cet article est l'occasion d'exposer la genèse et l'évolution du RTPi, au travers de différentes "saisons" de recherches ayant marqué son existence, depuis sa naissance en 2013–2014.

International audience ; This paper presents an innovative collaborative approach, devoted to strengthening and institutionalization of political anthropology applied to the sea. He first shows what political sciences have to say concerning our understanding of sea management, established to ensure their "sustainability". It then presents the cooperative research structure ApoliMer (political Anthropology of the sea), which address this issue by proposing to grasp the management of coastal and marine "socioecosystems" as a demonstrator of contemporary transformations of politics. Ultimately, it suggests the added value of a stronger link between the human and social sciences and natural sciences, to produce a critical analysis of the categories of thought and action attached to the "systemic management" of the environment. ; Cet article présente une démarche de recherche collaborative et innovante, consacrée au renforcement et à l'institutionnalisation d'une anthropologie politique de la mer étroitement articulée aux sciences de la nature. Il dit d'abord ce que les sciences sociales du politique ont à apporter à la compréhension de la « gouvernance » de la mer, établie en vue de sa « gestion durable ». Il présente ensuite la structure coopérative de recherche ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la mer), qui traite cette question en proposant de faire de la gestion des « socio-écosystèmes » marins et côtiers un démonstrateur des transformations contemporaines du politique. In fine, il laisse entrevoir la plus-value d'une articulation, entre les sciences humaines et sociales et les sciences de la nature pour produire une analyse critique des catégories de pensée et d'action attachées à la «gestion systémique» de l'environnement.

International audience ; This paper presents an innovative collaborative approach, devoted to strengthening and institutionalization of political anthropology applied to the sea. He first shows what political sciences have to say concerning our understanding of sea management, established to ensure their "sustainability". It then presents the cooperative research structure ApoliMer (political Anthropology of the sea), which address this issue by proposing to grasp the management of coastal and marine "socioecosystems" as a demonstrator of contemporary transformations of politics. Ultimately, it suggests the added value of a stronger link between the human and social sciences and natural sciences, to produce a critical analysis of the categories of thought and action attached to the "systemic management" of the environment. ; Cet article présente une démarche de recherche collaborative et innovante, consacrée au renforcement et à l'institutionnalisation d'une anthropologie politique de la mer étroitement articulée aux sciences de la nature. Il dit d'abord ce que les sciences sociales du politique ont à apporter à la compréhension de la « gouvernance » de la mer, établie en vue de sa « gestion durable ». Il présente ensuite la structure coopérative de recherche ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la mer), qui traite cette question en proposant de faire de la gestion des « socio-écosystèmes » marins et côtiers un démonstrateur des transformations contemporaines du politique. In fine, il laisse entrevoir la plus-value d'une articulation, entre les sciences humaines et sociales et les sciences de la nature pour produire une analyse critique des catégories de pensée et d'action attachées à la «gestion systémique» de l'environnement.

International audience ; This paper presents an innovative collaborative approach, devoted to strengthening and institutionalization of political anthropology applied to the sea. He first shows what political sciences have to say concerning our understanding of sea management, established to ensure their "sustainability". It then presents the cooperative research structure ApoliMer (political Anthropology of the sea), which address this issue by proposing to grasp the management of coastal and marine "socioecosystems" as a demonstrator of contemporary transformations of politics. Ultimately, it suggests the added value of a stronger link between the human and social sciences and natural sciences, to produce a critical analysis of the categories of thought and action attached to the "systemic management" of the environment. ; Cet article présente une démarche de recherche collaborative et innovante, consacrée au renforcement et à l'institutionnalisation d'une anthropologie politique de la mer étroitement articulée aux sciences de la nature. Il dit d'abord ce que les sciences sociales du politique ont à apporter à la compréhension de la « gouvernance » de la mer, établie en vue de sa « gestion durable ». Il présente ensuite la structure coopérative de recherche ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la mer), qui traite cette question en proposant de faire de la gestion des « socio-écosystèmes » marins et côtiers un démonstrateur des transformations contemporaines du politique. In fine, il laisse entrevoir la plus-value d'une articulation, entre les sciences humaines et sociales et les sciences de la nature pour produire une analyse critique des catégories de pensée et d'action attachées à la «gestion systémique» de l'environnement.

International audience ; This paper presents an innovative collaborative approach, devoted to strengthening and institutionalization of political anthropology applied to the sea. He first shows what political sciences have to say concerning our understanding of sea management, established to ensure their "sustainability". It then presents the cooperative research structure ApoliMer (political Anthropology of the sea), which address this issue by proposing to grasp the management of coastal and marine "socioecosystems" as a demonstrator of contemporary transformations of politics. Ultimately, it suggests the added value of a stronger link between the human and social sciences and natural sciences, to produce a critical analysis of the categories of thought and action attached to the "systemic management" of the environment. ; Cet article présente une démarche de recherche collaborative et innovante, consacrée au renforcement et à l'institutionnalisation d'une anthropologie politique de la mer étroitement articulée aux sciences de la nature. Il dit d'abord ce que les sciences sociales du politique ont à apporter à la compréhension de la « gouvernance » de la mer, établie en vue de sa « gestion durable ». Il présente ensuite la structure coopérative de recherche ApoliMer (Anthropologie politique de la mer), qui traite cette question en proposant de faire de la gestion des « socio-écosystèmes » marins et côtiers un démonstrateur des transformations contemporaines du politique. In fine, il laisse entrevoir la plus-value d'une articulation, entre les sciences humaines et sociales et les sciences de la nature pour produire une analyse critique des catégories de pensée et d'action attachées à la «gestion systémique» de l'environnement.

Cet article fait partie d'un EBOOK: Biogeochemistry and Genomics of Silicification and Silicifiers édité par Marion Gehlen, Stephen Baines, Brivaëla Moriceau et Paul Tréguer, publié dans: Frontiers in Marine Science and Frontiers in Earth Science (ISSN 1664-8714 ; ISBN 978-2-88963-085-1 ; DOI 10.3389/978-2-88963-085-1) ; International audience ; In this contribution, the study of the Bay of Brest ecosystem changes over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, nitrogen, and silicon biogeochemical cycles, hydrodynamics of the Bay, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the development of the Great scallop fisheries and the high biodiversity in maerl beds. The cascade leads to today's situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and forcing the fishermen community to switch pray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat. In the second section, we relate the construction of the interdisciplinary knowledge without which scientists would never have been able to describe these changes in the Bay. Interdisciplinarity construction is described, first among natural sciences (NS) and then, between natural sciences and human and social sciences (HSS). We finally ask key questions at the science-policy interface regarding this unsustainable trend of the Bay: How is this possible, despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (i.e., farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology, and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to integrated studies of social-ecological systems, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface to facilitate the transformation of the Bay of Brest ecosystem toward sustainability.

Cet article fait partie d'un EBOOK: Biogeochemistry and Genomics of Silicification and Silicifiers édité par Marion Gehlen, Stephen Baines, Brivaëla Moriceau et Paul Tréguer, publié dans: Frontiers in Marine Science and Frontiers in Earth Science (ISSN 1664-8714 ; ISBN 978-2-88963-085-1 ; DOI 10.3389/978-2-88963-085-1) ; International audience ; In this contribution, the study of the Bay of Brest ecosystem changes over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, nitrogen, and silicon biogeochemical cycles, hydrodynamics of the Bay, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the development of the Great scallop fisheries and the high biodiversity in maerl beds. The cascade leads to today's situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and forcing the fishermen community to switch pray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat. In the second section, we relate the construction of the interdisciplinary knowledge without which scientists would never have been able to describe these changes in the Bay. Interdisciplinarity construction is described, first among natural sciences (NS) and then, between natural sciences and human and social sciences (HSS). We finally ask key questions at the science-policy interface regarding this unsustainable trend of the Bay: How is this possible, despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (i.e., farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology, and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to integrated studies of social-ecological systems, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface to facilitate the transformation of the Bay of Brest ecosystem toward sustainability.

Cet article fait partie d'un EBOOK: Biogeochemistry and Genomics of Silicification and Silicifiers édité par Marion Gehlen, Stephen Baines, Brivaëla Moriceau et Paul Tréguer, publié dans: Frontiers in Marine Science and Frontiers in Earth Science (ISSN 1664-8714 ; ISBN 978-2-88963-085-1 ; DOI 10.3389/978-2-88963-085-1) ; International audience ; In this contribution, the study of the Bay of Brest ecosystem changes over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, nitrogen, and silicon biogeochemical cycles, hydrodynamics of the Bay, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the development of the Great scallop fisheries and the high biodiversity in maerl beds. The cascade leads to today's situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and forcing the fishermen community to switch pray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat. In the second section, we relate the construction of the interdisciplinary knowledge without which scientists would never have been able to describe these changes in the Bay. Interdisciplinarity construction is described, first among natural sciences (NS) and then, between natural sciences and human and social sciences (HSS). We finally ask key questions at the science-policy interface regarding this unsustainable trend of the Bay: How is this possible, despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (i.e., farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology, and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to integrated studies of social-ecological systems, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface to facilitate the transformation of the Bay of Brest ecosystem toward sustainability.

Cet article fait partie d'un EBOOK: Biogeochemistry and Genomics of Silicification and Silicifiers édité par Marion Gehlen, Stephen Baines, Brivaëla Moriceau et Paul Tréguer, publié dans: Frontiers in Marine Science and Frontiers in Earth Science (ISSN 1664-8714 ; ISBN 978-2-88963-085-1 ; DOI 10.3389/978-2-88963-085-1) ; International audience ; In this contribution, the study of the Bay of Brest ecosystem changes over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, nitrogen, and silicon biogeochemical cycles, hydrodynamics of the Bay, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the development of the Great scallop fisheries and the high biodiversity in maerl beds. The cascade leads to today's situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and forcing the fishermen community to switch pray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat. In the second section, we relate the construction of the interdisciplinary knowledge without which scientists would never have been able to describe these changes in the Bay. Interdisciplinarity construction is described, first among natural sciences (NS) and then, between natural sciences and human and social sciences (HSS). We finally ask key questions at the science-policy interface regarding this unsustainable trend of the Bay: How is this possible, despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (i.e., farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology, and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to integrated studies of social-ecological systems, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface to facilitate the transformation of the Bay of Brest ecosystem toward sustainability.