Suchergebnisse

Indonesia has started to pay attention in inclusive education. The government issues regulations to manage inclusive education system and supported by cities or districts were ready to implement. Salatiga is one of the cities which declared as inclusive city in around 2012. However, after more than five year of its implementation, the initial observations and interviews with early childhood teachers revealed that the implementation of inclusive education faced many challenges, specifically in human resources. Therefore, the researcher made a simple poster and book to help teacher understanding their roles and other parties' role in inclusive education system. The aim of this research is to measure whether the socialization can improve teachers' understanding regarded inclusive education services. The poster and the book were socialized in groups of preschool teachers and groups of playgroup teachers in 4 districts in Salatiga. The statistic test result showed that there was a significant difference of teachers' understanding before after the poster and book socialization. Result of this study suggests that the government needs to build an effective communication system when they set a new policy. Simple tools, such as poster, which cover basic concept and the role of each party, can make significant difference for better policy implementation.

Studies and researches revealed the importance of early childhood education. Many theories of early human development have been developed and employed to provide better educational system in those early years. One of the prominent theories comes from Lev S. Vygotsky's work. His theory, which is also known as the sociocultural theory, introduces several powerful ideas for understanding and facilitating young children's development and learning. This paper will examine some of the ideas that have significant impacts on the early childhood educational system. Afterward, the paper will briefly explain about the early childhood system in Indonesia at the present time, including: (1) Short of the government policies and goals; (2) The type of early childhood services; and (3) The new curriculum (known as kurikulum 2013). Based on the examination, it will be evident that the Vygotskian perspectives are basically in accordance with the government's vision. Furthermore, after examining the early childhood system in Indonesia, I suggest that daycare is the most appropriate form of early childhood services for promoting the Vygotskian approach, which will benefit most of the children

Abstract
National early childhood education and care (ECEC) systems have been shaped by external influences and have taken different forms in developed countries than in post-colonial countries. This study systematically compares and examines the autonomous elements in national ECEC systems and the countervailing homogenisation process in Slovakia and Indonesia -two countries located in a different hemisphere with different historical, cultural, and political backgrounds. The study shows new rhetoric triggering different tendencies. In Slovakia, the "competency" and "standards" turn led to steps to increase ECEC institutions' autonomy and give them greater power to create tailor-made education programmes. While in Indonesia, the turn went in the opposite direction, reinforcing curriculum centralisation and increasing its regulatory functions regarding ECEC. This shift towards the same discourse, terminology and concepts does not automatically trigger processes that lead to a significant similarity and the convergence between ECEC systems due to their specific historical, cultural, and political contexts.