Suchergebnisse

Intro -- The Politics of Regime Structure Reform in Democracies -- Contents -- List of Tables -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- Chapter One: Stability and Reform of the Regime Structures of Established Democracies -- PART ONE: The Politics of Electoral Reform in Israel -- Chapter Two: The Electoral System, 1948-1969: A Brief Historical Overview -- Chapter Three: The Politics of Electoral Reform, 1969-1977: The Failure To Promote Compromise -- Chapter Four: The Politics of Electoral Reform, 1984-1990: From (Knesset) Electoral Reform to Government System Reform -- PART TWO: The Politics of Government System Reform in Israel, 1988-1992 -- Chapter Five: The Long-Term Developments, Catalyzing Events, and the Reform Initiative -- Chapter Six: The Actors -- Chapter Seven: The Stages of the Reform Process and Overcoming the Barriers -- PART THREE: Reform of Regime Structures of Established Democracies in Historical and Cross-National Comparative Perspectives -- Chapter Eight: The Israeli Case Studies in a Historical-Comparative Perspective -- Chapter Nine: The Politics of Regime Structure Reform in Established Democracies: A Cross-National Comparative Perspective -- Conclusions -- Epilogue -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Author Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z.

Democracies in general and political parties in particular have undergone political personalization in recent decades. The power balance between politicians (one or many) and the team (the party as a collegial entity) has changed, and existing party typologies are no longer suited to the analysis of today's democratic politics. Although some new personalized party types have been added, what is missing is a systematic attempt to contrast them with the collegial option. This article proposes a new classification of political parties to fill the lacuna. It includes five ideal types of parties: two personalized-decentralized types, referring to collections of separated autonomous activists or to separated autonomous individual politicians (plural); a collegial type, which is about the centrality of the team and is based mainly on collective authorities and collective decision making; and two personalized-centralized types, referring to the centrality of an individual politician in her capacity as the party leader or that of a specific individual who "owns" the party.

AbstractThis article suggests guidelines for identifying the ramifications of central elements of candidate selection methods for various democratic dimensions – participation, competition, representation and responsiveness – and analyses their possible role in supplying checks and balances. It proposes employing a three-stage candidate selection method: in the first stage a small committee appoints candidates to a shortlist; in the second stage a selected party agency may add or remove candidates using a special procedure (absolute majority vote, for example) and also ratify the re-adoption of incumbent candidates; and, finally, party members select candidates for safe seats or safe list positions among the proposed candidates. The article also recommends employing moderate requirements for candidacy; the use of a non-majoritarian voting method; and allowing the national centre a say in candidate selection.

The aim of this article is to open the debate on the question, "Which candidate selection method is more democratic?" It does this by suggesting guidelines for identifying the ramifications of central elements of candidate selection methods for various democratic dimensions – participation, competition, representation and responsiveness – and by analyzing their possible role in supplying checks and balances. It proposes employing a three-stage candidate selection method, in which, in the first stage, a small committee appoints candidates to a short list; in the second stage, a selected party agency may add or remove candidates using a special procedure (absolute majority vote, for example) and it would also ratify the re-adoption of incumbent candidates; and, finally, party members would select candidates for safe seats or safe list positions among the proposed candidates. The article also recommends using moderate requirements for candidacy; the use of a non-majoritarian voting method; and allowing the national center a say in candidate selection.

This paper analyses the dynamics of the processes that led to the abolition of two institutional reforms in Israel in the 1990s: party primaries and the direct elections for prime minister. (GIGA-Hns)