Suchergebnisse

Das Buch "Arbeitsam und gefügig" bietet einen Überblick über die aktuelle finnische Forschung zur Geschichte der Frauenarbeit. Die Beiträge bewegen sich zeitlich vom Mittelalter bis zur Gegenwart und führen die Leser und Leserinnen thematisch von der Arbeit der Mägde und Dienstmädchen sowie der Tätigkeit in der Landwirtschaft bis zu den Berufen des späten 19. und des 20. Jahrhunderts: in Fabrik, Büro und Dienstleistungssektor. Eingehend behandelt wird die Stellung von Frauen als Unternehmerinnen früher und heute. Wie ist zu erklären, dass Frauen heute noch in den gleichen Bereichen unternehmerisch tätig sind wie vor 100 und vor 200 Jahren?

Abstract
This article argues that welfare schemes, which served to remove elderly workers from the labour force around the 1970s, foreshadowed the breakdown of the world of work in which permanent employment contracts and secure jobs until old-age retirement were the norm. As the global economy put heavier pressure on profitability and all sectors became subject to international shareholder scanning, the policy of 'lifelong jobs' began to give way to flexible labour throughout Europe. This change is discussed here using the empirical case of the Finnish unemployment pension schemes providing for the elderly labour force. The article asks how Finnish employers made use of unemployment pensions in the 1970s and 1980s in order to get rid of older employees. A large Finnish corporation, in particular its female labour force, are discussed in detail. Based on the working careers of about 100 women (manual workers and salaried employees) this article examines who kept their jobs and who were dismissed and pensioned off on unemployment pensions. The examples of women who succeeded in keeping their jobs at the time of mass-dismissals imply that careers (internal labour market) and occupational sociability (social capital) may be equally as valuable for women as they are for men.

This article suggests that analyses of child labour today should take as their point of comparison poorer nineteenth-century continental European countries, rather than the more commonly cited analogy of industrializing Britain. Two aspects of comparison between the nineteenth-century Finnish experience and today's developing economies are especially relevant. The first is the role of foreign investors in introducing industrial child labour in the early stages of industrialization. The second is labour migration, and particularly that of children. Industrial child labour in nineteenth-century Finland, and labour migration from Finland to St Petersburg, serve as empirical case studies. Finally, the author suggests that new apologies for industrial child labour in the past can be linked with the late-twentieth-century expansion of child labour.