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Although Indonesia suffered from European colonization like most of East Asian countries in the past, its civilizational characteristic is distinct from that of its closest neighbors such as Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei Darussalam. As a nation, Indonesia is poorer in terms of discipline, law enforcement, and economy. This writing proposes a hypothesis that the cause of such distinction is not the different colonizers. Instead, it is Indonesia"s attitude towards its colonizer that makes it different. In a sense, Malaysia, Singapore, and Brunei Darussalam were "given" freedom by the British Empire, while Indonesia obtained its freedom by force, followed by the removal of all traces of its colonizer, which include the old European values. It was reborn and began its new life as a baby, experiencing multiple dying dots and faltered several times. To survive, Indonesia began its complicated, vicious cycle of involution while its neighbors began their evolution. There are three things that must be done to stop the cycle and enforce an evolutive Indonesian civilization. First, the leaders of this country should learn the reason behind the current poor condition of Indonesia, so they can restrain themselves from making the wrong moves. Second, the implementation of the system should be more repressive at certain times, to enforce discipline and law. Third, it is important to learn that democracy can come in many colors since all nations have different natures and needs.

This paper begins with crucial inquiries about the process of Indonesian civilization growth: Why is the Indonesian self-identity different from those of its neighboring nations? Is there anything amiss in its process of self-making? How exactly did this nation come into being in relation with the roles of the actors involved in that process? The questions above will be responded with hypothetical answers through a historical review of the social and political behavior of the Indonesian society since its independence. Indonesia's self-making process will be reviewed back from the period of its independence to see how its civilization grew in comparison to other nations around it. Is it true that the revolution of independence had disjointed this nation's civilization growth process, or is there any other cause? In comparison with those of its neighboring nations, the Indonesia's civilization growth is ratherinvolutive than evaluative, and this may not change at least for the foreseeable future. This paper aims to analyze it in a hypothetical review. The implication of this paper is the suggestion for Indonesian nation to be alert of the potential continuation of conflicts that may perpetuate the involution process, which can hamper Indonesia's civilization growth. Article DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2018.33.14551465 This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-commercial 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, PO Box 1866, Mountain View, CA 94042, USA.

The Partnership and Community Development Program (PKBL) is one of the implications ofpublic policy which aims to realize the three main pillars of development that have been announcedby the government and constitute a political promise to the community to reduce the number ofunemployed (pro-jobs), reduce the number of poor people (pro-poor), and increase economicgrowth (pro-growth) around the area of mining operations. The purpose of this research is todescribe the implementation and identify the results of the evaluation of the implementation of thePartnership and Community Development Program (PKBL) of PT Timah Tbk in Bangka Regencyin 2019. The Theory used in this field is Merilee S. Grindle's Public Policy Implementation Theory,which initiates the implementation of public policies that can be measured from the process ofachieving outcomes, namely whether or not the policy objectives to be achieved. Beside usingGrindle's Theory of Public Policy Implementation, this study also uses William Dunn's Theory ofPublic Policy Evaluation. Dunn illustrates that evaluation is concerned with the production ofinformation about the benefits of the results of wisdom. This research uses a descriptivequalitative approach, whose primary data sources are from unstructured interviews withinformants. The number of informants in this study was 18 people consisting of 10 people asrecipients of partnership program assistance or fostered partners and 6 recipients of communitydevelopment program assistance and 2 members of the unit CSR of the PKBL in PT Timah Tbk.The main findings that of the research are unequal distribution of guidance to fostered partners,the weakness of the monitoring mechanisms and dysfunction of laws and regulation. ; Program Kemitraan dan Bina Lingkungan (PKBL) merupakan salah satu implikasi kebijakanpublik yang bertujuan untuk mewujudkan tiga pilar utama pembangunan yang telah dicanangkanoleh pemerintah dan merupakan janji politik kepada masyarakat guna mengurangi jumlahpengangguran (pro-job), mengurangi jumlah penduduk miskin (pro-poor) dan meningatkanpertumbuhan ekonomi (pro-growth) di sekitar wilayah kegiatan operasional pertambangan. Adapuntujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi dan mengidentifikasi hasilevaluasi dari pelaksanaan Program Kemitraan dan Bina Lingkungan (PKBL) PT Timah Tbk diKabupaten Bangka pada tahun 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Implementasi KebijakanPublik milik Merilee S. Grindle yang menggagas implementasi kebijakan publik dapat diukur dariproses pencapaian hasil akhir (outcomes) yaitu tercapai atau tidaknya tujuan kebijakan yang ingindiraih. Selain menggunakan Teori Implementasi Kebijakan Publik milik Grindle, penelitian ini jugamenggunakan Teori Evaluasi Kebijakan Publik milik William Dunn. Dunn menggambarkan bahwaevaluasi berkaitan dengan produksi informasi mengenai manfaat hasil kebijaksanaan. Penelitian inimenggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang sumber data primernya berasal dari wawancaratidak terstruktur dengan informan. Jumlah informan dalam penelitian ini adalah 18 orang terdiridari 10 orang sebagai penerima bantuan program kemitraan atau mitra binaan dan 6 orangpenerima bantuan program bina lingkungan serta 2 anggota pada unit kerja Divisi CSR SatuanKerja PKBL PT Timah Tbk. Temuan penting dalam penelitian ini antara lain distribusi pembinaanyang tidak merata terhadap mitra binaan, lemahnya mekanisme monitoring serta disfungsiperaturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.

This study aims to explain how the community empowerment strategy carried out by the people of Pangkal Niur Village in managing and developing the Sunor Tourism area as community-based creative tourism (community-based creative tourism). The people of Pangkal Niur Village have high social capital, as manifested through their social activities and movements in building and developing the Sunor Beach area as a creative tourism. Therefore, it is interesting to make this village as a reference for the local government to be actively involved in the activities of the community as a form of preserving the environment through tourism by refusing the operation of tin mining in the area. This research uses qualitative research methods, which includes research that uses data collection techniques conducted by purposive sampling. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the village and regional governments to respond to the occurrence of illegal mining activities carried out in the Sunor Beach area. The social capital of the community is an access that can be used by the community in empowering the villagers through the management and development of Sunor Beach tourism. In addition, it is a motivation for village officials to be alert in providing assistance and facilities for people who have a high ethos in developing Sunor Beach tourism. Community empowerment is inseparable from the creativity of the community, as a form of community economic development. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Pangkal Niur dalam mengelola dan mengembangkan kawasan Wisata Sunor sebagai wisata kreatif berbasis masyarakat (creative tourism community based). Masyarakat Desa Pangkal Niur memiliki modal sosial yang cukup tinggi ini terbukti dari aktivitas dan gerakan sosial yang dibangun melalui pengembangan kawasan Pantai Sunor sebagai wisata kreatif (creative tourism). Oleh karenanya kajian ini sangat menarik untuk diteliti sebagai rujukan nantinya untuk pemerintah desa dan daerah untuk terlibat atas gerakan dilakukan oleh masyarakat sebagai suatu perwujudan untuk melestarikan lingkungan melalui wisata dengan menolak beroperasinya tambang timah di kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, penelitian ini termasuk penelitian yang menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian ini menjadi basis bagi pemerintah desa dan daerah untuk dapat mengambil sikap terjadinya aktivitas tambang ilegal yang dilakukan di daerah kawasan Pantai Sunor. Modal sosial yang dimiliki masyarakat menjadi akses yang bisa dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat dalam melakukan pemberdayaan melalui pengelolaan dan pengembangan wisata Pantai Sunor. Selain itu, menjadi motivasi bagi aparatur desa untuk sigap dalam memberikan bantuan dan fasilitas bagi masyarakat yang memiliki etos tinggi dalam pengembangan wisata Pantai Sunor. Pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilakukan tentunya tidak terlepas dari kreativitas yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat sebagai wujud pembangunan ekonomi masyarakat.

This research focuses on a village in Belinyu Sub-district, Bangka Regency, Kapitan Village. This research uses descriptive qualitative methods and a literature review with observation and documentation data collection techniques. The study's results found that social capital plays an important role in strengthening the network of the Forest Farmers Groups, where one of the efforts is the Karang Lintang Festival. The community in Kampung Kapitan has been built with a social capital system based on trust, norms, and network relationships. This festival activity is one of the efforts to encourage participation and increase community social capital through bonding, bridging, and linking social relationships. The theory used in this research is Woolcock's social capital theory. As stated by Woolcock, the types of social capital become this research's reference to analyze the role of social capital in the community. The strength of this network is obtained through wide-scale or national relationships that the Forest Farmers Group has achieved with government agencies. Of course, strengthening the network of this group is accompanied by an increase in tourism potential in Kapitan Village.

This research is based on the phenomenon of the low development of the tourism sector which occurred in the regions coastal villages in improving the economy. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the cause of less empowered coastal tourism is possible when tourism can boost the economy of thecoastal village communities. The government has already issued a public policy related to coastal tourism is, however, implementation is not yet optimal.By using qualitative and phenomenological approach obtained findings about this have not empowered the coastal tourism. Cause that occur among people less able to capture the business opportunities to manage local community-based tourism. Lack of empowerment clear from government and maximum promotion of the tourism sector. SDA has not been optimally empowered coastal areas by village communities of the coast and the lack of infrastructure village infrastructure. It is expected the participation kongret government in the handling of this tourism to economic empowerment of rural communities along the coast. One solution that can be taken is the revamping of public policy related to the development of coastal villages. Besides the completion of program installation of paving and street lighting is also a priority program. Development and empowerment of communities in the management of this tourism immediately, so that their economy soon increase. Another thing that can be done by the governmentis the optimization of religious tourism and beach tourism exist to promote road.