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The Deputy Commissioner in Bangladesh: A critical appraisal of his coordinating role as chief developmentalist of the district
In: Administrative change: a journal on political and administrative development, Band 12, Heft 2, S. 165-173
ISSN: 0302-2986
In the context of ongoing debate on the coordination functions of Deputy Commissioner (DC), an alternative model of Development Team at the district level seems to be the only answer, which may consist of a DC district engineer, agricultural officer, district education officer or the principal of a government college located at the district headquaters and a superintendent of police, who may jointly undertake coordination. However, in case the developmental functions are transferred to the local level, there is no need of running the district administration in its present form as a unit of local government. The dual structure of administration with district administration and zila parishads administration as separate entities, will not only create operational problems but also lead to unneccessary financial involvement. (Internat. Pol. Science Assoc.)
World Affairs Online
Sero-molecular epidemiology and rick factors analysis of brucellosis in human and lactating cows of military dairy farms in Bangladesh
Background: Brucellosis is a neglected re-emerging important zoonotic disease in the developing world. Most of the research on brucellosis was limited on the sero-epidemiology during the last 50 years and recently molecular techniques have been initiated to study brucellosis in Bangladesh. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine sero-molecular prevalence, identify risk factors and detect Brucella species associated with bovine and human brucellosis in Bangladesh Materials and Methods: Serum and milk samples from 1003 lactating dairy cows of eight military dairy farms and 715 serum samples of dairy farm workers and hospital patients were collected during the 36 months period from 2017 to 2020. All the collected sera and milk samples were tested with four different commercial diagnostic test kits to detect the prevalence of Brucella infection. The four sero-positive milkers sera and milk, and all animal samples collected from aborted cases were tested for Brucella genus-specific RT-PCR and Brucella species-specific DNA (B. abortus and B. melitensis) Multiplex PCR. Conventional PCR and sequencing were also performed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify important risk factors of brucellosis. Results: The overall 2.39% sero-prevalence of Brucella infection was recorded with all the CFT, SAT and ELISA assay and 3.09% with RBT, whereas only 0.20% tested milks samples showed positive with MRT in the lactating dairy cows. The B. abortus DNA was amplified from all of the four RBT positive human serum samples tested. Phylogenetic tree of partial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences of the PCR products was closely matched with B. abortus. Three variables (age, parity and abortion) were found to be significantly associated with B. abortus infection in lactating cows. Conclusions: B. abortus is the causal agent of bovine brucellosis which is identified as the first time as an etiological agent of human brucellosis in occupationally exposed dairy farm workers in Bangladesh. This study could not detect the most important zoonotic B. melitensis DNA either in humans or animal samples, even in any earlier studies and therefore, further studies are required to explore the occurrence of B. melitensis in human and animal population in Bangladesh.
BASE
Epidemiology and genotypes of group A rotaviruses in cattle and goats of Bangladesh, 2009-2010
Group A rotavirus (RVA) is recognized as a major cause of severe gastroenteritis in newborn calves and goat kids. We estimated the proportion of ruminants infected with rotavirus and identified the circulating genotypes in cattle and goats in Bangladesh. Between May 2009 and August 2010, fecal samples were collected from 520 cattle and goats presenting with diarrhea at three government veterinary hospitals in three districts of Bangladesh. All samples were screened for RVA RNA using real-time, one-step, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Of the 520 animals tested, 11.7% (61) were positive for RVA RNA, with 6.2% (15/241) and 16.5% (46/279) positivity in cattle and goats, respectively. RVA positive samples were further characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis of two structural protein gene fragments, VP7 (G genotype), and VP4 (P genotype). Among 17 successfully sequenced strains, G8 (17.9%) was the most prevalent G-genotype followed by G10 (8%) and G6 (1.6%). P[1] (11.3%) was the most frequently detected P-genotype followed by P[11] (3.2%) and P[15] (1.6%). The most common VP7/VP4 combinations for cattle were G10P[11], G10P[15], and G6P[11], and for goat, G8P[1], and G10P[1]. Phylogenetic analysis of the RVA strains showed clustering with bovine and caprine strains from neighboring India. The study adds to our understanding of the genetic diversity of bovine and caprine rotavirus strains in Bangladesh. Our findings highlight the importance of rotavirus surveillance in cattle and goat populations, which may serve as a potential source for genetic reassortment and zoonotic transmission.
BASE
Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth: Visions of future systems and how to get there
Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.
BASE