Suchergebnisse

For a long time it has been discussed on compulsory of physical educationsubject in primary school by specialist teachers who have a degree in exerciseand sport sciences. After many physical education projects, at the least"Sport di classe", and the expectation of employing the generalist teacherwith certified skills of the so-called "Good School" law, the Chamber ofDeputies of Italian Republic approved a draft law to resolve the issue definitively.However, due to the stratification of more laws, the acquired rights ofwhom are in possession of framework qualifications according to previousrules and for furthermore political and scientific visions, nowadays the mainproblem is the multiple competences in this field. The aim study is to identifythe training program of the teachers to identify the most appropriate profileaccording to educational aims of the National Guidelines for the Curriculumfor primary school and respecting the purposes of the draft cited law project.The method is the archive research with document analysis. The results pointabout the specialist graduate in physical education and sports sciences withthe certification of 24 ECTS in the anthropology-psychology-pedagogicalarea, according to the specialist teacher idea. The legislator and the politicaldecision-maker have to apply the results to avoid running into applicationdifficulties, generated also because of other solutions, which would producea discrepancy between a specialist in physical education and sports sciencesand a specialized teacher from a generalist education program. ; Da tempo si discute sull'obbligatorietà dell'insegnamento dell'educazionefisica nella scuola primaria da parte degli specialisti forniti del prescrittotitolo di studio per conseguire gli obiettivi relativi alla salute, all'adozione dicorretti stili di vita, al benessere fisico, al conseguimento delle capacità motorie,agli apprendimenti trasversali alle conoscenze connesse al corpo e almovimento e, infine, alle competenze sociali attraverso la pratica sportiva.Dopo ...

Since the ancient civilizations to the contemporary age, human movementsuch as games, gymnastic, physical education and sports, have brought outdifferent interests and values, sometimes antithetical, but which are the expressionof a protean phenomenon capable of responding to the most disparatehuman needs in different contexts; and it is precisely in relation tothe multiple contexts that distinct directions have originated different systemsand methods of physical education. During the twentieth century thescientific-cultural demands and the historical-political contingencies thatguided scholastic reforms and ministerial measures determined an evolutionof physical education which, from military education without educationalidentity, gradually and also due to the combination with moral andcivic education, has reached an autonomous disciplinary dimension in thecontents and in the learning objectives, as well as the recognition of the interdisciplinaryand transversal character for the global formation of the person.The present work, through a historical excursus and the analysis of theschool's programmatic documents as well as some specific project experiencesand the students sport games, aims to bring out the potentiality ofPhysical education and school sport to combine different training needsthrough a wide range of contents and methods.* ; Dalle civiltà antiche all'età contemporanea le attività di movimento declinatenei giochi, nella ginnastica, nell'educazione fisica e nello sport, hannofatto emergere interessi e valori diversi, talvolta antitetici, ma che sonol'espressione di un fenomeno proteiforme capace di rispondere alle più disparateesigenze umane nei diversi contesti; ed è proprio in rapporto aimolteplici contesti che si sono sviluppate direttrici distinte che hanno originatodiversi sistemi e metodi della formazione fisica dell'uomo. Nel corsodel ventesimo secolo le istanze scientifico-culturali e le contingenze storico-politiche che hanno orientato le riforme scolastiche e i provvedimentiministeriali, ...

Doping in performance sport is a complex and controversial issues. The secrecy that characterizes it hinders the implementation of epidemiological investigations. It involves the entire society. Moreover, the forces that conspire behind doping have always been able not only to identify new substances and new methods but also to steal the new scientific discoveries aimed at the treatment of diseases, for their illegal purposes. The fight against doping has had a strong push, in 2004, with the birth of the first World Anti-doping Code drafted by WADA. The laboratories, the Code, the Biological Passport and the ADAMS are important tools for the fight against doping. The aim study is to show the data relating to the consumption of drugs from 2003 to 2017. A number of the commonly used substances have been discussed and their risks and side effects reviewed.

Also in Italy, as well as to be in all others states European Union, the academic disciplines in university system have to change to conform to the 3 areas: SH Social Sciences and Humanities, PE Physical Sciences and Engineering, LS (Life Sciences), 25 panel and 333 sub panel of European Research Council Panel Structure 2018. Nowadays, it is compulsory to have the same language within the European Union and its European Research Council Executive Agency (ERCEA). This change concerns the funding of research and the recruitment of professors; currently in Italy they follow two different procedures and the reform aims to pursue the unique way. Physical activity and sports sciences are in two different scientific areas: the human and social sciences and the life sciences. The problem is therefore to choose a single scientific area or to stay in two areas, to define the declaration of the academic discipline with the protection of the professors' rights and the relationship with the ERC Area. The academic disciplines of Physical activity and Sport sciences field could be made by the following descriptors: Health, ageing - Social aspects of learning, curriculum studies, educational policies - Science and technology studies - Cognitive basis of human development and education, developmental disorders; comparative cognition - Personality and social cognition – Emotion - Clinical and health psychology – Neuropsychology - Attention, perception, action, consciousness - Learning, memory - Cognition in ageing - Reasoning, decision-making – Intelligence - Language learning and processing - Theoretical linguistics - computational linguistics - Comparative physiology and pathophysiology - Fundamental mechanisms underlying ageing - Sensation and perception - Neural bases of cognitive processes - Other medical technologies for diagnosis and monitoring of diseases - Epidemiology and public health - Environmental health, occupational medicine - Health services, health care research, medical ethics. In Italy its declaratory could be simplified: "Theories and methods of physical education, training, health and well-being" in Life sciences area with the exception for some professors to be structured in human and social sciences for educational profile.

Structural, organizational and normative developments in the school setting in Italy, in the last fifty years, suggest that teachers role should be considered throughout the social, cultural and scientific innovations that lead these changes. Based on this theoretical proposition, the purpose of the present study was to identify some key elements of Physical Education Teacher Training Core Curriculum in Italy. The study takes a documental-based approach to the development of teaching skills and lists action supported by Italian Ministry of Education in the last decades to foster adequate teacher training programs, with particular reference to Physical Education teacher training in the low and high school, since the earlier courses in 18th century till now. The results revealed that teacher training programs in Italy sometimes lacked of adequate methods and significant contents, so it is very important to underline the value of a new approach in teacher training that aim to ensure the acquisition of key competence, according to Recommendation of the European Parliament and to create a cooperation between University and the Italian Olympic Committee. In conclusion, a new approach in teacher training could foster a broad advance in specialization and professional development of physical education teacher, adjusting our educational path to the European best practices.

Background and Study aim. For the new reform to be applied in the best possible way, it is a priority and useful to promote the development of knowledge on the organization and methods of teaching/learning in physical education in primary school. This study aims to search for a new didactic organizational model for physical education in primary school, starting from the theoretical lines, showing the contrasts of the significant aspects and the uniqueness of heuristic learning, with a consequent theoretical and argumentative elaboration of operational proposals. Material and Methods. For this purpose, an accurate survey of the scientific literature has been analyzed, highlighting the critical issues that characterized the various proposals and attempt to implement physical activity and sports education courses in primary school over the years, up to the recent legislative innovation. Results. The path of the definition of physical education in primary school was marked by stages that did not always enhance the educational and training dimension of the motor and sports experience, making the school discipline assume a marginal and optional role in the face of an extracurricular practice characterized by a widespread organization and more capable of intercepting and responding to the physical exercise and sport needs of society. This complex situation has only generated confusion without solving the problem of the absence of physical and sporting activity in the 5-10 age group, as required by the World Health Organization and the European Union, by adequately and uniquely qualified teachers. It is now useful to promote the development of knowledge on the didactic organization of the primary school, on the different teaching/learning methods in physical education, to contextualize the scope of the new legal provision to the current legal framework Conclusions. The study highlights the value of a new approach in teacher training that aims to ensure the acquisition of key competence, according to the Recommendation ...