Suchergebnisse

This book looks at India of the 1950s and 1960s while it was still emerging from two centuries of colonial rule and striving to come together as a nation. It critically explores the history of nationalism and identity in Northeastern India, a region with diverse ethnolinguistic communities and people, through the personal history of the first Manipuri (Meitei) direct recruit in the Indian Administrative Services. The book weaves in autobiographical stories with the story of Northeast India, capturing its politics, socio-cultural distinctiveness and milieus that set the region apart from the rest of the country. It covers the career of the author in the IAS, serving in Manipur and Karnataka, with the Union Government, and finally as Secretary for the northeastern region. Through these, the book tells the story of a changing society, of a developing nation and a people on the move. It shows how borders and barriers were collapsing and being formed at the same time and how the country was dealing with it. The book is a unique and significant addition to the literature on Manipur; it deepens our understanding of the northeastern states and the complex interactions of the people of the region with the rest of India. Part of the Transitions in Northeastern India series, this book will be of great interest to researchers and scholars of modern history, sociology, social anthropology and postcolonial studies, particularly those concerned with India and Northeast India.

Front cover -- Dedication -- Front matter -- Community medicine -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Table of Contents -- Introduction -- PART A: PRACTICAL -- Section 1: Spotters -- 1 Vaccination -- Common questions for all vaccines -- Common questions and answers -- Nis and characteristics of vaccines -- Additional information of specific vaccines -- Cold chain-related spotters -- 2 Nutrition -- Common questions for food item spotter -- Cereals -- Wheat (fig. 2.1) -- Rice -- Rice: Milled (fig. 2.2) -- Rice: Parboiled (fig. 2.3) -- Maize (fig. 2.4) -- Millets -- Jowar (sorghum) (fig. 2.5) -- Bajra (pearl millet) (fig. 2.6) -- Ragi (finger millet) (fig. 2.7) -- Common question for all millets -- Common questions for all cereals and millets -- Pulses -- Common questions and answers for all pulses or legumes -- Soya bean (fig. 2.23) -- Lathyrus sativus (khesari dal/grass peas) (figs 2.24 and 2.25) -- Vegetables -- Fruits -- Milk, milk products and animal foods -- Milk -- Oils and fats -- Common questions and answers for all oils and fats spotters -- Vegetable oils -- Mustard oil (fig. 2.27) -- Groundnut oil (fig. 2.28) -- Coconut oil (fig. 2.29) -- Vegetable ghee (vanaspati ghee) (fig. 2.30) -- Butter (fig. 2.31) -- Cow's ghee (clarified butter) -- Nuts and oilseeds -- Signs of vitamin a deficiency (fig. 2.38) -- Iodized salt -- Iodine (spot) test kit (fig. 2.39) -- 3 Contraception -- Introduction -- Male condom (nirodh) -- Combined oral contraceptive pills (cocs) (mala-n/mala-d/khushi cocs) (fig. 3.2) -- Intrauterine contraceptive device (iucd) (copper-t 380a and cu-t 375) -- Dmpa injectable contraceptive (antara) -- Centchroman/ormeloxifene (chhaya, saheli) -- Emergency contraceptive pill (levonorgestrel) (ezy pill, ec pill) -- 4 Medical entomology -- Common questions -- Classification of arthropods of health importance -- Mosquitoes

Includes bibliographical references and index

Papers presented at the 90th Annual Conference of the Indian Economic Association, held at Srinagar during 27-29 December 2007

Fermatean fuzzy linguistic (FFL) set theory provides an efficient tool for modeling a higher level of uncertain and imprecise information, which cannot be represented using intuitionistic fuzzy linguistic (IFL)/Pythagorean fuzzy linguistic (PFL) sets. On the other hand, the linguistic scale function (LSF) is the better way to consider the semantics of the linguistic terms during the evaluation process. It is worth noting that the existing operational laws and aggregation operators (AOs) for Fermatean fuzzy linguistic numbers (FFLNs) are not valid in many situations, which can generate errors in real-life applications. The present study aims to define new robust operational laws and AOs under Fermatean fuzzy linguistic environment. To do so, first, we define some new modified operational laws for FFLNs based on LSF and prove some important mathematical properties of them. Next, the work defines several new AOs, namely, the FFL-weighted averaging (FFLWA) operator, the FFL-weighted geometric (FFLWG) operator, the FFL-ordered weighted averaging (FFLOWA) operator, the FFL-ordered weighted geometric (FFLOWG) operator, the FFL-hybrid averaging (FFLHA) operator and the FFL-hybrid geometric (FFLHG) operator under Fermatean fuzzy linguistic environment. Several properties of these AOs are investigated in detail. Further, based on the proposed AOs, a new decision-making approach with Fermatean fuzzy linguistic information is developed to solve group decision-making problems with multiple attributes. Finally, to illustrate the effectiveness of the present approach, a real-life supplier selection problem is presented where the evaluation information of the alternatives is given in terms of FFLNs. Compared to the existing methods, the salient features of the developed approach are (1) it can solve decision-making problems with qualitative information data using FFLNs; (2) It can consider the attitudinal character of the decision-makers during the solution process; (3) It has a solid ability to distinguish the optimal alternative. ; Chilean Government (Conicyt) through the Fondecyt Postdoctoral Program 3170556 ; Versión publicada - versión final del editor

Abstract: Digital IoT technologies present new cyber risk in the supply chain of the digital economy, which are regularly not noticeable to organizations taking an interest in the digital supply chains. This paper examines how IoT cyber risks can be imagined during the time spent planning business and supply chain techniques. The writing explored incorporates industry and government papers and analyzes set up business and supply chain models with concentrates on new IoT technologies. This article characterizes the plan boundaries for a choice emotionally supportive network for imagining cyber risk from IoT supply chain in the digital economy.

The q-rung orthopair fuzzy set ((ROPFS)-R-q), proposed by Yager, is a more effective and proficient tool to represent uncertain or vague information in real-life situations. Divergence and entropy are two important measures, which have been extensively studied in different information environments, including fuzzy, intuitionistic fuzzy, interval-valued fuzzy, and Pythagorean fuzzy. In the present communication, we study the divergence and entropy measures under the q-rung orthopair fuzzy environment. First, the work defines two new order-alpha divergence measures for (q)ROPFSs to quantify the information of discrimination between two (q)ROPFSs. We also examine several mathematical properties associated with order-alpha (ROPF)-R-q divergence measures in detail. Second, the paper introduces two new parametric entropy functions called "order-alpha (ROPF)-R-q entropy measures" to measure the degree of fuzziness associated with a (ROPFS)-R-q. We show that the proposed order-alpha divergence and entropy measures include several existing divergence and entropy measures as their particular cases. Further, the paper develops a new decision-making approach to solve multiple attribute group decision-making problems under the (ROPF)-R-q environment where the information about the attribute weights is completely unknown or partially known. Finally, an example of selecting the best enterprise resource planning system is provided to illustrate the decision-making steps and effectiveness of the proposed approach ; Chilean Government (Conicyt) through the Fondecyt Postdoctoral Program 3170556

In contrast to the West, the term 'Secularism is commonly used in present day India to describe the relationship that exists, or which ought to exist, between the state and religion (Gupta, 1991). Technically, the secular state is a state which guarantees individual and corporate freedom of religion deals with individual as a citizen irrespective of his religion is not constitutionally connected to a particular religion nor does it seek either to promote or interfere with religion. In India the concept has been used not as state's indifference meaning towards religions but as treatment of all religions in an equal fashion and ruling out discrimination of any Indian on the ground of his religion. In its political terminology 'secularism' governing the term 'state,' that is the expression 'Secular state', implies a contradiction to 'theocratic state' or a 'state with an established church', or to imply a polity that has no any 'state religion' or which is not a 'religio-ideological state'. With the independence of India in 1947 the secular group held that the system of the country's governance should be run along purely secular lines, independently of religion, whereas the thinking of the religious group was quite the contrary. They insisted that the political system of the country should be governed in accordance with the dictates of religion. The analysis and debates of the Constituent Assembly reveals a rejection of the Western concept of secularism, that is, absolute separation of state and religion, and acceptance of the Indian concept of 'Sarva Dharma Sambhava' or equal regard for all religions (Rajarajan, 2007). At the time although secularism failed to become one of the fundamental tenets of the Constitution, yet the declaration of India as a secular state came only with the enactment of the 42 nd Amendment to the Constitution (1976) and now the Preamble proclaims India as a secular state. Key words: Secularism, Tradition, Modern Trends, Secular State and Prospect.