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The article is devoted to descriptions of the compilation edited by M. Laruelle on an in-depth analysis of relations between Central Asia and Afghanistan over the past few decades. The authors notes that, in general, the authors of the collection conclude that Central Asia is a relatively underestimated neighbor of Afghanistan. Foreign literature often sets out the region in a historical and political context - as part of the Silk Road trade route, a clash of great powers in the Great Game, a conflict-generating source, which limits the scientific knowledge of Central Asian themes.

The formation and disintegration of the U.S.S.R. was one of the vital historical events of the 20th century. The Central Asian republics were established by the Soviet government in the 1920s and 1930s as a result of the national and territorial state delimitation, and the borders between them were provisional. As the republics obtained political independence, the process of defining state borders between the new sovereign countries began. This process turned out to be difficult for Uzbekistan, among others, but the republic was mostly able to mutually resolve interstate borders issues based on "uti possidetis."

The main objective of the paper is analyzing bilateral and multilateral relations in the economy, policy, migration, security, technology, transport communication, and cultural exchange between Central Asia and Uzbekistan with Republic of Korea. Based interdisciplinary approach and comparative study it was elaborated status, challenges, and perspectives of South Korean–Uzbekistan relations. The Central Asian partnership with the Republic of Korea has been strengthened and the countries of the region consider South Korea as a highly developed state, occupying one of the leading places in the Asia-Pacific region. Central Asia for Korea, in turn, is an important region with huge natural and energy resources, potential for mutually beneficial investment projects and a large export market. Over years, the directions of partnership between the Republic of Korea and Uzbekistan have significantly expanded both within the framework of bilateral and multilateral formats, and today they cover almost all major areas. However, there are also many problems including the lack of land transport links between them, which affects the cost and timing of delivery of transported goods. South Korea has a strongly positive image in Central Asia. Like other countries of region, Uzbekistan strongly support South Korean aim at preserving and strengthening peace and stability on the Korean peninsula. Implementation of joint projects aimed at the formation of common transport and communication, energy and production networks on the Eurasian continent, can contribute to the revival of the Great Silk Road in modern realities with the restoration of direct railway and road connections of the Korean peninsula with the countries of Central Asia and other states of the continent. Also, it is necessary to develop optimal models for connecting the Korea-Central Asia with other projects and mechanisms of multilateral cooperation operating in the region, such as TRACECA and the EU Strategy, Belt and Road, Central Asia + Japan, India-Central Asia etc.

The article describes the problems, importance and relevance of the organization of services in the digital economy. The data are compiled based on the author's observations and analysis of foreign literature. The methodological basis of the research was formed as a result of the study of theoretical and practical information, legislation and other legal documents, literary sources and publications. The research is based on the connections between theory and practice and made extensive use of analysis, comparison, and synthesis methods.

The article describes the theoretical and practical aspects of improving the quality of service in rural areas. The data are compiled based on the author's observations and analysis of foreign literature. The methodological basis of the research was formed as a result of the study of theoretical and practical information, legislation and other legal documents, literary sources and publications. The research is based on the connections between theory and practice and made extensive use of analysis, comparison, and synthesis methods.

В статье анализируются взгляды на новые подходы в определении места и роли ислама в социально-экономическом развитии и общественно-политической жизни Хивинского ханства в начале XX в. Особое место уделяется истории Узбекистана для определения роли традиций в современной жизни страны. Государство в Хорезмском оазисе сыграло важную роль в становлении современного Узбекистана. Статья предоставлена автором для публикации в бюллетене «Россия и мусульманский мир»

This scientific article is devoted to the history of Oliy Majlis activity, the Parliament, in the territory of our country from the "Avesto" time to Amir Temur Congress

L'Asie centrale est une région importante dans le monde en raison de sa situation géopolitique et de ses riches ressources énergétiques. Sa situation géopolitique a considérablement changé, et les Républiques de la région ont exprimé à plusieurs reprises leur intérêt pour le développement des relations avec la Russie, la Chine, les États-Unis, l'UE, l'Allemagne, le Japon entre autres. L'Asie centrale a créé un système plus ou moins efficace d'équilibre du pouvoir, dans lequel aucun des acteurs externes ne reçoit d'avantages ou de marge de manœuvre pour façonner le développement de la région. Cependant, il existe quelques contradictions entre les principaux acteurs externes actifs dans la région. Les événements tragiques en Ukraine et la sérieuse confrontation entre la Russie et l'Occident depuis 2014 ont un effet sur les affaires internationales en général, et sur les pays de la Communauté des États indépendants (CEI) en particulier. Entre autres, les Républiques d'Asie centrale ont exprimé leur intérêt à développer des relations plus étroites avec différents pays asiatiques éminents comme le Japon et la République de Corée, ce qui peut renforcer la stabilité dans le contexte asiatique plus large.

With the collapse of the Soviet Union in the 1991s Central Asian nations and Japan established diplomatic relations and partnership began to increase steadily as manifested by the level of official contacts. In 1997 the "Silk Road" Diplomacy concept was formulated for Japan's policy toward Central Asia. In the beginning of 21st century we see activization of new actors including India, Korea and Japan in Central Asia, which were mainly welcomed in the region. Tokyo recognized the growing strategic importance of Central Asia in the context of international security and sought to play a more active role as an Asian nation in Eurasia. During two decades Central Asian nations and Japan partnership began to increase steadily. Japan is one of the largest assistants to Central Asia in structural reforms and Japanese investments to the different aspects of region economy and transport communication add up to several billions. There are several areas of special interest to Japan in its relations with Central Asia, including cooperation in education, economic development of the region, political reforms, as well as energy resources. Japan's effort in creating the "Central Asia plus Japan" dialog is part of its multilateral diplomacy. At the same time there are some challenges and problems in Central Asia–Japan relations. However, there are potentialities for future bilateral and multilateral relations. Japan like Korea, India and other countries has a strong positive image in Central Asia, which could be regarded as an additional factor for fostering partnership of Central and East Asia as well as interregional relation with the vast Asian continent and beyond.

Contemporary Central Asia in the process of transformation and facing common security challenges. The stability and security in Central Asia affected the direction of integration, patterns of regional cooperation, and building of institutions. Central Asian republics have been co-founders of regional organizations including Central Asian Cooperation Organizations (CACO), Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC), Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), but their effectiveness is different. Central Asian and Caucasus republics, as well as China, Iran. Pakistan, India are involved in the process of organization and harmonization of the transport arteries and communications connecting Europe and Asia, the West and the East. There are many problems among different actors in Central Asia and Afghanistan, including Russia, US, China, the EU, NATO, OSCE and other international organizations, because they different approaches and understanding of the situation. Challenges of the 21-century require a broader partnership and cooperation. Future prospects of multilateral regional and international cooperation in Central Asia will depend on correlations of national, regional and global interests. It is necessary first of all strong dialogs between Central Asian republics itself. Central Asian geopolitical, economic and security challenges are connected and solution could come jointly. Future regional cooperation, strong international partnership would promote more stability, economic reforms and democratization to region and beyond.

The partnership of CA and the EU concerning political, economical, energy, transport and educational issues should be continued. The partnership will contribute the maintenance and development of peace, stability, cooperation and modernizations in the region. The EU and CA are an important and strong bilateral and multilateral cooperation. This is necessary for economic reforms and for attracting foreign aid and direct investment. Therefore, the EU and CA need to develop a concrete long-range partnership strategy. Regional cooperation in CA and Eurasia will also maintain peace and security in the region. First of all, regional organizations need to concentrate on further regional integration in CA to adequately meet the increasing processes of globalization. It is important to study the experience of the EU and ASEAN and to develop bilateral and multilateral relations with them. A well developed regional transport system in CA is essential for regional prosperity. Regional and international transport networks and substantial trade relations will facilitate foreign investment from foreign countries. CA republics consider the development of alternative regional transport communications as important for the national, regional and international strategy. As a result, a new transport communication connection between Asia and Europe has been developed. The EU and the NATO partnership with CA countries is important for the promotion of stability and security in CA nations. They are also needed to assist the pursuit of sustainable economic development and poverty reduction in the region. At the same time, the stabilization and restoration of Afghanistan's economy are key objectives. Due to different approaches and understandings of the situation in Afghanistan, there are many problems among the different actors including the NATO, the EU, OSCE and other international organizations. In future, the cooperation between CA nations and the EU as well as other international and regional organizations should incorporate the following aspects: Firstly, the EU and CA nations should continue their partnership on alternative transport corridors and pipelines as well as their cooperation in solving a wide range of problems, including ecological ones. Secondly, Afghanistan is an international and regional factor of security and stabilization. Therefore, it is important for the future of CA. Thirdly, the EU, the NATO, and OSCE need to have a regular consultation and joint projects in CA and Afghanistan. Fourthly, international organizations are best to work together with CA republics, Pakistan, Iran, and other neighboring countries. Fifth, the EU, the NATO, and OSCE need to have strong relations and maybe join projects on Afghanistan with Commonwealth Independent States, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Eurasian Economic Community, and Collective Treaty Security Organizations. Globalization and security challenges require a broader partnership and cooperation. It is necessary to enlarge the Central Asian - EU relations. A future strong partnership would promote stability and economic progress in CA and Europe.