Suchergebnisse

Despite the importance of the permitting process for local communities and their governments, little is known about the causes that explain the variations in the length of the reviews included in this process. This study introduces and tests a number of hypotheses that predict variations in the length of three reviews for land development. Specifically, the study examines the effect that applicants' expertise, networking practices, and reputation have on the length of reviews. The analysis was conducted in a fast growing city in Florida using Zero Truncated Poisson Regression. The study reports that, holding constant the effects of other factors, applicants' reputation of contributing to the public good is associated to shorter reviews. The paper also discusses the implications of these results for land use regulation by local governments. In particular, the paper elaborates on the argument that delays can be an unavoidable byproduct of the implementation of policies and regulations that promote the public good, avoiding undesirable land-uses, and protecting environmental amenities and endangered species, among other goals. ; A pesar de la importancia de la emisión de permisos de construcción para las comunidades y sus gobiernos, poco se sabe sobre las causas que explican las variaciones en el tiempo que tardan estos en ser emitidos. Este estudio presenta y pone a prueba una serie de hipótesis que predicen las variaciones en la longitud de tres partes del permiso de construcción. En concreto, el estudio examina el efecto que la experiencia de los solicitantes, sus prácticas de socialización y su reputación tienen en el tiempo que se tarda un permiso en ser aprobado. El análisis se llevó a cabo en una ciudad de rápido crecimiento en la Florida usando un modelo Poisson de regresión. El estudio indica que, manteniendo constantes los efectos de otros factores, la reputación de los solicitantes de contribuir al bien público se asocia inversamente con el tiempo que tarda el permiso en ser aprobado. El documento también discute las implicaciones de estos resultados para la regulación del uso del suelo por los gobiernos locales. En particular, el documento desarrolla el argumento de que los retrasos pueden ser un resultado inesperado de la correcta aplicación de las políticas y regulaciones que promuevan el bien común, como la prevención de usos indeseables de la tierra, y la protección del medio ambiente, o el cuidado de especies en peligro de extinción, entre otros objetivos.

In the latest years Ecuador had significantly move forward with reforms that lead us to accomplish a competitive and efficient economy. This allow us to an accurate integration of Ecuador into the world wide economy. There are events that had promote our government to implement a levy that facilitate and incentive the export activity and the outside promotion of the small and medium business, PYMES manage the parameter of quality in production in a way to keep our acceptance in the exterior. Seems the new policy took effect in representation of the necessity of offer a services that can bring legal consultancy on international commerce meaning that they are not only overseeing the operation process but also responsible of administrate the legal documentation from where the orders are place for shipment to the delivery destination of the product .

Context
Humans have introduced lagomorph species in areas outside their native ranges for their meat, fur or value as game species. Assessing the rate of success of lagomorph introductions is vital to address the ecological damage they may cause. Cases of failed lagomorph introductions in apparently suitable areas may also shed light on mechanisms that may deter invasion, which are useful in developing strategies for population control. In Spain, it has been suggested that hunters introduced the non-native eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) to compensate for the recent drastic declines of the native European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Aims
Our main goals were to investigate (1) whether Sylvilagus rabbits have indeed been introduced by hunters across Spain, and (2) whether the species has become established in Spanish ecosystems.

Methods
We interviewed 311 hunters or naturalists across Spain. The questionnaires inquired about the characteristics of game management in each locality, including the frequency of rabbit restocking, and particularly whether Sylvilagus rabbits had been released in the surveyed localities. In addition, we sampled 192 rabbit populations (n=3974 individuals) across Spain by using molecular analysis to determine whether Sylvilagus rabbits were present in these areas.

Key results
Our interview results suggest that Sylvilagus rabbits may have been released in 6% of the 311 localities surveyed. However, molecular analyses failed to confirm their persistence, because all samples belonged to O. cuniculus.

Conclusions
We infer that Sylvilagus rabbits failed to establish themselves in Spain, although interviewees reported their introduction. Several reasons may explain the unsuccessful establishment of this species, such as a low propagule pressure, competition with native species, predation, inability to cope with local pathogens and unsuitable climatic conditions.

Implications
The risk of future introductions of non-native game species can be reduced through the implementation of stricter regulations of animal releases into the wild. Long-term monitoring networks should be developed to help identify non-native game species before they become established and spread to neighbouring areas, thereby preventing any ecological or economic impacts these species may cause.