Suchergebnisse

Ch-1: Introduction -- Ch-2: Well-being: A framework to assess officer-recipient relationships -- Ch-3: Oportunidades-Prospera and the implementation of health -- Ch-4: The narratives of health officers -- Ch-5: The experiences of recipients -- Ch-6: Well-being and officer-recipient relationships: A quantitative outlook -- Ch-7: Conclusion.

El uso del bienestar como indicador para monitorear el estado de las sociedades es cada vez más común a nivel internacional; a pesar de esto, la evaluación de políticas públicas generalmente se enfoca en resultados más inmediatos y materiales. Este artículo, en cambio, utiliza un enfoque multidimensional de bienestar para evaluar los impactos del programa de transferencias monetarias condicionadas (tmc) de México, Prospera. Los hallazgos de este estudio cualitativo revelan efectos contradictorios y no intencionados de la transferencia monetaria y las condicionalidades del programa en el bienestar de las familias beneficiarias en áreas como confianza económica, relaciones personales, sentido de competencia, autoestima, agencia, entre otros. Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de tomar en cuenta el bienestar a la hora de diseñar, implementar y evaluar tmc y políticas sociales en general.

This article explores interactions between the front-line officers and recipients of Oportunidades-Prospera, a conditional cash transfer (CCT) in Mexico. Like other CCTs, Oportunidades-Prospera provided monetary transfers to families with the requirement of following certain conditions, including receiving preventive healthcare and workshops. This produced constant and compulsory physician-recipient interactions. This article examines these through observations of programme delivery and interviews with physicians at health centres of two localities of Puebla. The results show that officers' strategies of implementation and attitudes towards recipients were influenced by the programme's use of health services as conditionalities, promoting a relationship of authority and obedience. This, however, was exacerbated by the officer's job position. Those with a permanent contract systematically fostered authoritarian interactions compared to officers with temporary contracts. Ultimately, this study reveals factors that influence officer-recipient relationships in CCTs and their centrality for programme delivery and for the success of social policies more broadly.

This article explores the social relationships created in the delivery of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes using a wellbeing lens. Most CCTs influence people's lives in overarching terms, including income, health and education. Their implementation process, however, also places policy participants in new and constant interactions with the front-line officers that implement the programmes. Wellbeing scholarship brings to our attention the centrality of social relationships in people's lives. This literature widely agrees that the quality of our relationships with others is possibly the most essential element of a good life. Therefore, given the recent entrance of wellbeing to the realm of policy, an exploration of the relationships created in policy contexts using a wellbeing lens is a necessary next step. This article examines this in the context of the Oportunidades/Prospera programme in Mexico, one of the most successfully regarded CCTs in Latin America. It presents primary qualitative data about the officer–recipient relationship during the delivery of the health conditionalities and explores its implications on the wellbeing of recipients. The article concludes that the relationships created during policy implementation have far-reaching effects on wellbeing and need to be better acknowledged in policy design and evaluation.

La CNMF (Cláusula de la Nación más favorecida), insertada de forma casi automática en los tratados bilaterales de promoción y/o de protección de las inversiones durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970, devela hoy una dinámica sorprendente. Vía las decisiones de diferentes tribunales CIADI (Centro International de Arreglo de Diferencias relativas a Inversiones), presentamos la "evolución" o cambio que protagoniza esta cláusula. Para esto, se analizará el mecanismo de la cláusula, el cual a priori circunscrito (por los Estados y la doctrina) a la importación de disposiciones de fondo, parece estar implícitamente habilitado para importar también disposiciones de procedimiento. La nueva faceta de la cláusula impone un estudio retrospectivo de sus principios, su enunciado y su objetivo. Mas dicha perspectiva no es el resultado de un cambio sustancial en el enunciado de la cláusula sino en la valoración que los árbitros, Estados e inversionistas hacen de ella. Así, la instrumentalización de la CNMF además de permitir una mayor liberalización del sector repercute en otras estructuras del derecho internacional y resalta el papel que desempeñan los Estados, sus cocontratantes privados y el CIADI en la relectura de la CNMF.

Australia's vibrant but largely-invisible history of international solidarity dates from the time of colonial occupation in 1788. The first documented experiences featured Irish political prisoners deported as slave labour to Australia—"convicts" in colonial terminology—linking up with Aboriginal warriors fighting native extermination to wage a guerrilla war against their common enemy, the land-hungry English colonialists. Three iconic episodes capture this popular rebellious tradition: the Eureka Stockade, a miners' uprising at Ballarat against the colonial government in 1854 , which flew the Southern Cross flag later adopted by construction unions, the republican movement and solidarity brigades to the Cuban Revolution; popular rejection of military conscription and refusal to fight for British imperialism in World War I; and Australia's provision of one of the largest per capita contingents in the International Brigade which fought for the Republic against fascism during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939). Against that background, the transition to solidarity struggles fought at the political rather than military level came readily to the Left, once the Arctic winds of military dictatorship began to freeze the decolonization and socialist projects in much of Latin America, in the wake of US-sponsored military coups in Guatemala (1954), Brazil (1964), and Chile (1973). ; Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales

Objective.With the purpose of knowing whether or not the mental health problem patient has a caregiver or not; and if it does, identify the caregivers' characteristics in order to know his socio-demographic conditions to get to his needs; to come out with legal mechanisms to form and specialized network with the intention of acquiring training and money from the state or other interested institution. Materials and methods.a quantitative study was performed, descriptive of transversal kind at HUHMP from Neiva city, December 2010 to January 2011 surveying 40 hospitalized patients and 28 caregivers. It was have into account variables such as age, gender, socioeconomic strata, occupation, and level of education, civil state, and income. Results. Most of the caregivers average 35 to 53 years old, from the Huila department, living on welfare, low strata, and low education, unemployed and without income. Conclusion. The study shows the abandonment of the mentally ill patient and caregivers by the governmental institutions, and, the need of creating a caregivers network to actively protect the family, patients, and caregivers. ; Objetivo: caracterizar al cuidador del paciente con trastorno mental, sus condiciones sociodemográficas, para reconocer sus carencias, necesidades y plantear la creación de redes especializadas de cuidadores a través de la cual se obtenga capacitación y financiación por parte del estado u otro tipo de entidades interesadas. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo de corte transversal en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva entre diciembre de 2010 y enero de 2011 aplicando una encuesta a 40 pacientes hospitalizados y a 28 cuidadores. Se estudiaron las variables edad, sexo, estrato socioeconómico, ocupación, nivel educativo, estado civil, lugar de procedencia y nivel de ingresos económicos. Resultados: la mayoría de los cuidadores están entre los 36 y 53 años, son de género femenino y proceden del departamento del Huila, viven en unión libre, vinculados al régimen ...

The conditional cash transfer programme (CCT) for poor families was terminated in Mexico in 2019. CCTs seek to fight poverty under a social investment logic by promoting the formation of human capital through the compliance of behavioural conditionalities. The programme – the first of its kind introduced at national level – accomplished several achievements and was maintained and developed by three successive federal administrations. As the backbone of anti-poverty policy for more than two decades, its achievements included delivering positive results to a significant proportion of the population; and triggering the expansion of social policy beyond social insurance. As a result, it was emulated by governments across the globe. A programme of these characteristics would have been expected to generate path dependency and policy stability, yet it was swiftly terminated with practically no opposition. This article applies a framework of historical institutionalism to analyse the feedback effects developed during the duration of the programme from the perspectives of beneficiaries, in order to contribute to the explanation of its termination. The research is based on qualitative empirical data from interviews with former beneficiaries. Our findings show that self-undermining mechanisms linked to a 'hard' design and implementation of conditionalities counterbalanced the self-reinforcing mechanisms derived from the benefits supplied by the programme, causing beneficiaries to become apathetic towards its continuity or termination. Conclusions yield theoretical insights that might serve to examine policy feedback in similar contexts, as well as lessons for policymakers regarding the design and implementation of social programmes.

Colombia has experienced a prolonged internal armed conflict for about five decades. The military actions have been characterized by high degradation in the way of acting of the different armed groups, causing great impact on morbidity and mortality of the civilian population and combatants. A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective case series study was conducted in order to establish the characteristics of injuries in people affected by anti-personall and mines (APLM) and unexploded munitions (UXM) who were surgically treated at University Hospital of Neiva, between the years 2005-2009. 41 people injured by APLM-UXM were chosen by checking records of pathology and medical histories. Among the findings it was found that most of those affected by APML-UXM are young military men, whose lower limbs are the most affected. All of the injured people underwent surgical amputation of the affected limb, and more than halfof them began rehabilitation with the adaptation of a prosthesis. This public health problems hows the degradation of the armed conflict, with greatimpact on the rural population and deservesen forcing the treaty to banthese weapons. It is necessa ry to make emphasis on prevention and educational programs in risky areas, whilea negotiated solution to the internal armed conflict is sought. ; Colombia ha vivido un prolongado conflicto armado interno durante aproximadamente cinco décadas. En este, las acciones bélicas se han caracterizado por la alta degradación en las formas de actuar de los diferentes actores armados, causando gran impacto en la morbilidad y mortalidad de la población civil y combatientes. Con el fin de establecer las características de las lesiones en personas afectadas por las minas antipersonal (MAP) y municiones sin explotar (MUSE) que fueron atendidas quirúrgicamente en el Hospital Universitario de Neiva, entre los años 2005-2009, se efectuó un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, serie de casos retrospectivo. Fueron 41 lesionados por las MAP-MUSE atendidos en el Hospital ...

La vía chilena al socialismo. 50 años después representa un hito historiográfico y un extraordinario ejercicio de memoria que ilumina, desde una multiplicidad de lecturas, la experiencia de la Unidad Popular y el goberno de Salvador Allende.CLACSO presenta un escrito donde se entrelazan historias y memorias para construir una aproximación crítica y comprometida de uno de los acontecimientos más impactantes del siglo XX latinoamericano. Más de 80 autores y autoras confluyen con sus trabajos para producir una gran reflexión histórica sobre la izquierdas latinoamericanas que invita a pensar alternativas para el futuro de nuestros pueblos, renovando las luchas por sociedades más justas y humanas

La vía chilena al socialismo. 50 años después representa un hito historiográfico y un extraordinario ejercicio de memoria que ilumina, desde una multiplicidad de lecturas, la experiencia de la Unidad Popular y el goberno de Salvador Allende.CLACSO presenta un escrito donde se entrelazan historias y memorias para construir una aproximación crítica y comprometida de uno de los acontecimientos más impactantes del siglo XX latinoamericano. Más de 80 autores y autoras confluyen con sus trabajos para producir una gran reflexión histórica sobre la izquierdas latinoamericanas que invita a pensar alternativas para el futuro de nuestros pueblos, renovando las luchas por sociedades más justas y humanas

The paper examines the processes through which people forced from their homes by conflict can become exposed to heightened risk from environmental hazards in the places where they resettle. It reports on research undertaken with internally displaced people who moved to informal settlements in four locations in Colombia. With one of the world's largest displaced populations and a high annual incidence of hazard events such as landslides and floods, enabling people to create a durable sense of security in their places of resettlement is a major development challenge for the country. However, as the testimonies from individual experiences and perspectives makes clear, this problem is not one that can or should be addressed simply by enforcing existing land use and tenure regulations. The study combined qualitative interview methods with arts-based elements designed to facilitate and open up dialogue with research participants. We found that creating a permanent home, however modest, has symbolic meaning that reflects both personal struggle and collective effort: it represents security and stability, even in sites people know are associated with hazards. In tracing how they have interacted with multiple forms of risk, our work shows how displaced people have had to weigh up the threats they face against limited resettlement options, in an ongoing context of marginalisation. For complex reasons, this is a population that tends to be excluded from formal disaster preparedness and mitigation. However, there are indications that this prevailing situation could be challenged, promoting greater flexibility on the part of governmental organisations and enabling communities to become more engaged in disaster risk reduction. In bringing empirical depth to a topic of global significance at the intersection of displacement, disaster and development, we support the call for adaptable approaches to disaster risk management that can support displaced people more effectively and equitably.