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The present work tackles the iconography and simbolic study of the entrance doors of the historic churchs of Cuenca, in Ecuador. As a true letter of introduction of the building, that works of art form for the believers a previus clear the way of spiritual preparation, based on figurative and emblematic representations in wood carving, that combine religious, political, expert and popular aspects, and in this way this doors determine a homogeneous combination of remarkable quality. ; El presente trabajo aborda el estudio iconográfico y simbólico de las puertas de entrada a las iglesias históricas de Cuenca, en Ecuador. Como verdadera carta de presentación del edificio, tales obras constituyen para los fieles un paso previo de preparación espiritual, a tenor de unas representaciones en madera tallada, figurativas y emblemáticas, que conjugan lo religioso y político, lo erudito y popular, para así determinar un conjunto homogéneo de notable originalidad.

It is not usual to be able to document in detail a mannerist temple which, until now, has not been sufficiently studied and whose origins were unknown. The Spanish expansion in the Mediterranean allowed many Italian engineers to take part in building walls and cities, and both Emperor Charles V and his son, King Philip II, counted on these engineers' experience and knowledge.Melilla is one of the North African cities with an intense presence of Italian engineers. This city would be the place where, a new temple commissioned by Philip II, would be erected by the end of the 16th century. The person in charge of designing the temple would be the King's engineer Giacomo Palearo Fratino. It is important to point out that these engineers mainly built walls, bastions and defence towers. They are outstanding designs as the one we have mentinoned before, which is also is Fratino's only known church.The clear Italian origins of the temple still prevail nowdays since most of its structure survives despite the Baroque enlargements. This might be the reason why there are some references to 16th century Italian treatises, mostly to Giacomo Barozzi Vignola or Sebastiano Serlio. These references are made evident, not only in the design of the façades and the inner arches but also in the mathematical proportions used in the construction of the temple, where the Golden Rectangle is not absent.Un'inedita architettura manierista di Gian Giacomo Palearo Fratino. La Chiesa della Purísima Concepción di Melilla (1579-1608)A seguito dell´espansione spagnola lungo il Mediterraneo, l´imperatore Carlo V e poi suo figlio, Filippo ll, si rivolsero a ingegneri italiani per la realizzazione di mura e città, affidandosi alla loro esperienza e conoscenza. Una delle città nordafricane con un´intensa presenza di ingegneri italiani fu Melilla. Qui, alla fine del XVI secolo fu eretta una chiesa per volontà di Filippo ll, fino a oggi poco studiata e di cui non si conosceva l'attribuzione. Le ricerche svolte hanno potuto individuare il nome del ...

This work addresses the study of a part of the religious artistic heritage of the former hispanic square of Orán (Algeria). Specifically the main chapel of the defunct church of Victory according to the reforms it underwent during the second half of the eighteenth century, from the role played, as promoter, of the military engineer and then governor Juan Martín Zermeño. The details of this process, the involvement of artists, economic matter, the acquisition of furniture and the decorative component in general will form the backbone of the study in question. Without ever neglecting the basic performance of religious matters in a border town. ; El presente trabajo aborda el estudio de una parte del patrimonio artístico religioso de la antigua plaza hispana de Orán (Argelia). En concreto, la capilla mayor de la desaparecida iglesia de la Victoria conforme a las reformas que experimentó durante la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII, a partir del papel desempeñado, como promotor, del ingeniero militar y entonces gobernador Juan Martín Zermeño. Los pormenores de dicho proceso, la implicación de los artistas, la materia económica, la adquisición del mobiliario y el componente decorativo, conformarán el eje vertebral del estudio en cuestión. Sin dejar nunca de lado el desempeño básico del asunto religioso en una ciudad de frontera.

[EN] The ancient castle of Rosalcazar is a military architecture that is part of the Oran's defensive system, in Algeria. His structure was built in the sixteenth century by Diego de Vera, and it reflects the approaches of the Spanish fortification of the reign of Ferdinand the Catholic. These constructions were increased with later alterations, until their consolidation during the term of the governor and engineer Juan Martín Zermeño. The architectural ensemble represented an interesting evolution of the Spanish fortification since the beginning of the sixteenth century until the middle of the eighteenth century, preserving each extension of the elements of the prior period that they are shown in the heritage ensemble of maximum interest. ; Bravo-Nieto, A.; Ramírez-González, S.; Metair, K. (2020). De Diego de Vera a Juan Martín Zermeño: tres siglos de reformas en la arquitectura del castillo viejo de Rosalcazar en Orán, Argelia. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 1077-1084. https://doi.org/10.4995/FORTMED2020.2020.11460 ; OCS ; 1077 ; 1084

Los repuestos de pólvora construidos en las fortificaciones de la Edad Moderna pertenecen a una tipología arquitectónica escasamente estudiada. Como derivación de los polvorines en su reducida dimensión, tales repuestos cumplían la función de almacenaje de municiones para una batería o zona concreta del recinto, facilitando su rápido y cómodo abastecimiento. A través del presente trabajo abordaremos el análisis de varios de ellos como parte integrante de la estructura fortificada de Melilla, en el caso del almacén de Florentina y los repuestos de la Batería Real y del fuerte de Victoria Grande, estos dos últimos realizados por el ingeniero Juan Martín Zermeño en el primer tercio del siglo XVIII. Su restauración, hace escasos años, puso de manifiesto la necesidad del trabajo de historiadores y arqueólogos para poder interpretarlos en sus distintas variables. Con ello, se consiguió una correcta recuperación de los espacios al sacar a la luz sus principales elementos. AbstractThe spare gunpowder warehouses built in the fortresses of the Modern Age belong to an architectural layout scarcely studied. As for the reduced dimensions of the tinderboxes, such gunpowder warehouses fulfilled the function of ammunition depot for a battery, or specific area in the enclosure, thus facilitating its quick and convenient supply. Throughout the present work we will address the analysis of some of them as integral part of the fortified structure of Melilla, as is the case in Florentina's warehouse, and the spare gunpowder warehouse in the Royal Battery, as well as Victoria Grande's fortress, the last two work undertaken by the engineer Juan Martín Zermeño in the first third of the 18th century. Its recent restoration revealed the need for historians and archaeologists in order to interpret them in their various variables. By doing so, it was achieved the right spaces recovery shedding light on their main elements.