Suchergebnisse

The 2019 presidential elections in Bolivia have been a center of multiple debates, including the integrity and objectivity of the Declarations of the oas in this regard. This article analyzes what the principle of non-intervention in the Inter-American Legal Order has meant and how it is related to the legal and political evaluation of the role of the Electoral Observation Mission that ended with the resignation of Evo Morales. Analysis that takes place in the context of these elections in Latin American perspective through a critical compilation versus the role of the oas in Bolivia and under the application of the non-intervention principle. ; Las elecciones presidenciales del 2019 en Bolivia han sido centro de múltiples debates, entre ellos la integridad y objetividad de las declaraciones de la OEA al respecto. Este artículo pretende analizar lo que ha significado el principio de no intervención en el ordenamiento jurídico interamericano y cómo se relaciona con la evaluación jurídica y política del papel de la Misión de Observación Electoral que terminó con la renuncia de Evo Morales. Análisis que se realiza en un contexto sobre estas elecciones en perspectiva latinoamericana y se establece una recopilación crítica frente al papel de la OEA en Bolivia y bajo la aplicación del principio de no intervención. ; As eleições presidenciais de 2019 na Bolívia têm sido um centro de múltiplos debates, incluindo a integridade e a objetividade das declarações da oea a este respeito. Este artigo analisa o que o princípio da não intervenção na ordem jurídica interamericana significou e como está relacionado à avaliação legal e política do papel da missão de observação eleitoral que terminou com a renúncia de Evo Morales. Análise que ocorre no contexto dessas eleições na perspectiva latino- americana através de uma compilação crítica versus o papel da oea na Bolívia e sob a aplicação do princípio não de intervenção.

La Sabana de Bogotá vincula a la capital con una densa red de poblaciones tradicionales co­nurbadas. En esa circunstancia, el transporte masivo es una necesidad apremiante, que debe ser resuelta en el corto plazo con eficiencia y equidad. En ese ambiente surgió la propuesta de recuperar las antiguas líneas abandonadas del tren para implantar un nuevo sistema —fusión del tranvía urbano y del tren regional— nombrado oficialmente como RegioTram. En este artículo se considera la relación entre las condiciones hídrico-ambientales y el planeamiento del territorio. Se priorizó el análisis de la franja de terrenos urbanos y rurales adyacentes a la línea y a los beneficiados y afectados por el funcionamiento de RegioTram de Occidente. La existencia de sistemas hidroambientales es testimonio de los procesos de larga duración de la conformación geológica de la Sabana; en ellos suceden también fenómenos contingentes con los ciclos de inundaciones estacionales y periódicas que desbordan y afectan el balance hídrico de la planicie y la vida de la comunidad asentada en ese sector de la Sabana. A partir del manejo de cartografías, imágenes digitales e información oficial se contrastaron datos e información sobre la afectación del sistema hídrico-ambiental por la reutilización de la antigua vía férrea.

"English has been a lingua franca for a long time. Much communication among people from different countries takes place in this language. Learning English in Mexico has been a very important issue too. The government has implemented at least 6 years of language courses as mandatory and a project to implement these courses since elementary school has been started. Unfortunately, González, Lima and Castillo (2004) (cited by Davies 2009) stated that this support from authorities has not given the expected results. They asseverated that 76% of students entering universities have beginner/Elementary level according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages and only 11% of them have Upper Intermediate level. The difference is enormous and the investment too. Davies (2009) referred that their level of English does not improve significantly after finishing university studies in public school. He pointed out that there have been many 2 factors affecting these results such as the lack of training in teachers, the lack of wellplanned projects and the lack of motivation from the students among other reasons. Johnson (2006) (cited in Davies, 2009) mentioned that positive experiences in language learning helps to motivate them to continue learning."

Abstract. Seismic electric signals (SES) have been considered precursors of strong earthquakes, and, recently, their dynamics have been investigated within the Natural Time Domain (NTD) (Varotsos et al., 2004). In this paper we apply the NTD approach and the chaotic map signal analysis to two geoelectric time series recorded in a seismically very active area of Mexico, where two strong earthquakes, M=6.6 and M=7.4, occurred on 24 October 1993 and 14 September 1995, respectively. The low frequency geoelectric signals measured display periods with dichotomic behavior. Our findings point out to an increase of the correlation degree of the geoelectric signals before the occurrence of strong earthquakes; furthermore, the power spectrum and entropy in NTD are in good agreement with the results published in literature. Our results were validated by the analysis of a chaotic map simulated time series, which revealed the typical characteristics of artificial noise.

Abstract. In this work we use the multiscale entropy method to analyse the variability of geo-electric time series monitored in two sites located in Mexico. In our analysis we consider a period of time from January 1995 to December 1995. We systematically calculate the sample entropy of electroseismic time series. Important differences in the entropy profile for several time scales are observed in records from the same station. In particular, a complex behaviour is observed in the vicinity of a M=7.4 EQ occurred on 14 September 1995. Besides, we also compare the changes in the entropy of the original data with their corresponding shuffled version.

Objective To estimate the magnitude and dynamics of health outcomes related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the dynamic in Ometepec, Xochistlahuaca and Tlacoachistlahuaca in Guerrero, Mexico. Methods Retrospective study developed from the secondary analysis of the COVID-19 database, from the Mexican Ministry of Health in 2020. We developed time series and estimated the magnitude of the health effects of the pandemic by means of bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression models. Results The public health services registered 325 confirmed cases and 28 deaths from COVID-19 during epidemiologic weeks 12 to 40 in 2020. Nearly 16% of confirmed cases pertained to patients self-reported as indigenous people. Two out of three deaths occurred within 48 hours of hospital admission. Diabetes, COVID-19 pneumonia and being age 50 years or older were the predictor variables associated with hospital fatality which best fit our regression models. Conclusions It is essential to promote a greater use of government health services among indigenous populations by disseminating culturally relevant information on warning signs such as difficulty breathing and risk factors such as suffering from diabetes and being an older adult. ; Objetivo Estimar la magnitud de daños a la salud por la pandemia de COVID-19 y su dinámica en Ometepec, Xochistlahuaca y Tlacoachistlahuaca, en Guerrero, México, durante 2020. Métodos Estudio retrospectivo hecho mediante un análisis secundario de la base de datos de COVID-19 de la Secretaría de Salud de México. Con análisis bivariado y regresión logística binaria, se desarrollaron estimaciones de series de tiempo y de magnitud del daño a la salud por COVID-19. Resultados Durante las semanas epidemiológicas 12 a 40 de 2020, se confirmaron 325 casos y 28 defunciones por COVID-19. De los casos confirmados, solo 16% fueron indígenas. Dos de cada tres defunciones ocurrieron en las primeras 48 horas del ingreso hospitalario. Las variables predictoras que mejor se ajustaron al modelo de regresión, asociadas a la letalidad hospitalaria, fueron diabetes, neumonía asociada a COVID-19 y edad de 50 años o mayor. Conclusiones Es importante enfatizar los datos de alarma de la COVID-19 a la población indígena (en particular, la dificultad respiratoria) y factores asociados a complicaciones por COVID-19 como diabetes y edad avanzada, para incrementar el uso oportuno de los servicios de salud.

Abstract. In this work we present a spectral and multifractal study of the electric self-potential fluctuations registered in an electroseismic station located at 100km from the epicenter of an earthquake (EQ) with Mw=6.5 in the Pacific coast of Mexico. Our study suggests that in general the time series analyzed displays a persistent behavior. Our results show an anticorrelation between the spectral exponent β and the width of the multifractal spectrum Δα, when they are calculated during a time interval of five months (four months before the EQ and one month after the EQ). In addition, we also calculate the time evolution of the correlation coefficient finding that it has a very similar behavior that the time evolution of Δα.

Como respuesta a las limitaciones del Sistema de Salud en México por su fragmentación y segmentación, se han puesto en marcha políticas públicas de acceso universal que operan a través de convenios y acuerdos interinstitucionales, como las dirigidas a la atención de emergencias obstétricas. A través de un estudio de caso, se ofrece un panorama de las redes de servicios de salud en Chiapas dando cuenta de su infraestructura para determinar la resolutividad real de los establecimientos ante emergencias obstétricas y su condición para operar como red colaborativa. Se muestra que las instituciones públicas del sector salud dan un uso limitado o nulo a los acuerdos y convenios interinstitucionales. Se identifican las fortalezas y obstáculos en su utilización y se efectúan recomendaciones para optimizar los mecanismos de la atención obstétrica para las mujeres en Chiapas.

Abstract. Recent studies related with earthquake prediction involve statistical studies of the ground electric self-potential behavior. Published results about the complexity of this kind of processes encourage us to study the statistical behavior of the ground electric self-potential recorded in Guerrero state, Mexico. This region is characterized by high seismicity. The electric self-potential variations were recorded in the Acapulco station directly from the ground. The sampling period was four seconds and the data were stored from March to December of 1993. Two significant earthquakes (EQs) occurred near this station, 15 May and 24 October whose magnitudes were Mw=6.0 and Mw=6.6 respectively. A preliminary processing was carried out consisting of a moving average of the original time series in order to filter the very high frequencies and to complete short lacks of data and outliers. Then, a visual inspection of the complete filtered signal was performed to search some seismic electric signals (SES), which were ambiguously depicted. Subsequently, a detrending of µ=0 was applied with the windows of 3.3, 6.6 and 10 h. Later, the analysis of the spectral exponent β was made, showing changes during the total period examined, and the most evident changes occurred during the preparation mechanism of the Mw=6.6 EQ. Fifteen days before the 24 October EQ, a Brownian-noise like behavior was displayed (β≈2), having a duration of about two days. In addition a Higuchi fractal method and wavelet analysis were made confirming the presence of the β-anomaly.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine characteristic profiles of the Millennial generation based on their sociodemographic features and motivational preferences regarding work. It contributes to the literature on Millennial motivation and provides insights for organizations seeking to better understand and manage said generation.
Design/Methodology: The study was conducted on a sample of 197 questionnaire responses from individuals in the Millennial generation who had work experience. The sampling was non-probabilistic and did not consider aspects related to socioeconomic or education levels to broaden the coverage of the study. The data were collected through an online survey in Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico. Said data were examined using an analytical procedure—which involves a clustering algorithm to determine the optimal number of clusters—and logistic regression analysis—to identify significant variables that can explain the behavior of each group.
Findings: Two distinct motivational profiles were found among Millennials: (1) a group motivated by achievement and power and (2) another one inspired by affiliation and supervision group. It was also found that these two profiles are related to certain sociodemographic features, such as age and main breadwinner.
Conclusions: Understanding the motivational profiles of Millennials can help organizations better tailor their management practices and work environments to meet the needs of this generation. Likewise, organizations may need to provide several kinds of incentives and rewards to motivate different groups of Millennials. Future research in this area could explore the relationship between these motivational profiles and other outcomes, such as job satisfaction and turnover.
Originality: This study contributes to the literature on Millennial motivation by introducing a quantitative methodology to identify different motivational profiles and explore their relationship with sociodemographic features. The use of a clustering algorithm and regression analysis also contributes to the methodological approaches employed in this area of research. Focused on the Mexican context, this paper also provides insights into the unique cultural and economic factors that may influence Millennial motivation in this region.

Abstract. In this paper a statistical analysis of seismoelectric ULF signals prior to the M7.4 Guerrero-Oaxaca earthquake (EQ) occurred at the Mexican Pacific coast on 14 September 1995, has been performed. The signals were simultaneously recorded at three monitoring stations from the last months of 1994 until July of 1996. The nonlinear time series methods of Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) and detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) have been used. In the three data sets we found some complex dynamical behaviors that seemingly reflect a relaxation-EQ preparation-main shock-relaxation process. In particular, clear spike-like anomalies in both DFA- and HFD-exponents some months before the main shock are revealed.

Biological invasions pose a serious threat to biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across ecosystems. Invasions by ecosystem engineers, in particular, have been shown to have dramatic effects in recipient ecosystems. For instance, invasion by earthworms, a below-ground invertebrate ecosystem engineer, in previously earthworm-free ecosystems alters the physico-chemical characteristics of the soil. Studies have shown that such alterations in the soil can have far-reaching impacts on soil organisms, which form a major portion of terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we present the first quantitative synthesis of earthworm invasion effects on soil micro-organisms and soil invertebrates based on 430 observations from 30 independent studies. Our meta-analysis shows a significant decline of the diversity and density of soil invertebrates in response to earthworm invasion with anecic and endogeic earthworms causing the strongest effects. Earthworm invasion effects on soil micro-organisms were context-dependent, such as depending on functional group richness of invasive earthworms and soil depth. Microbial biomass and diversity increased in mineral soil layers, with a weak negative effect in organic soil layers, indicating that the mixing of soil layers by earthworms (bioturbation) may homogenize microbial communities across soil layers. Our meta-analysis provides a compelling evidence for negative effects of a common invasive below-ground ecosystem engineer on below-ground biodiversity of recipient ecosystems, which could potentially alter the ecosystem functions and services linked to soil biota. ; European Union's Horizon 2020, Grant/ Award Number: 677232; German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig; German Research Foundation, Grant/Award Number: FZT 118

Abstract. In this work, we present a statistical study of geoelectric time series from three Mexican regions with recognized different levels of seismicity. This study is made by means of both the Higuchi's method and the detrended fluctuation analysis for the detection of fractal behavior. With these methods we present scatter plots corresponding to scaling exponents for short and large lags arisen from crossover points in the geoelectric data. Through these scatter plots we observe a reasonable segregation of clouds of points corresponding to the three mentioned regions. These results permit to suggest that a different level of characteristic seismicity in one region is translated into a different level of geoelectric activity.

AbstractMeasuring financial capabilities among young people poses a challenge for scholars. In this study, we developed a set of ten scales to assess various behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge, allowing for a comprehensive examination of the construct. We designed a pool of items and invited 746 participants, aged 16 to 29, who were divided into two groups for studying the psychometric properties of the tests. The first group underwent an Exploratory Factor Analysis, while the second group underwent a Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Through these analyses, we identified five dimensions of financial behaviors, four dimensions of financial attitudes, and one dimension of knowledge or financial literacy. The scales were combined to measure two financial capabilities: Financial Saving Capability and Responsible Debt Management Capability. Furthermore, we identified distinct profiles of young people associated with each proposed financial capability. Finally, we offer a conceptual discussion of the financial capabilities construct, present scales with reliable and valid measurements, and propose avenues for future research.