Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Foreword: Antiracist Developmental Research in Brazil -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors and Contributors -- Editors -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: Opening Chapter -- Racism and the Brazilian Experience -- Contexts of Development and Their Relationship with Racism -- Final Thoughts -- References -- Chapter 2: Race and Gender Relations in Developmental Psychology -- Introduction -- Growing Hand in Hand with Structural Inequality -- Adolescent Experiences in Contexts of Racism and Sexism -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 3: "It Is Repulsive: There Is Swearing Because of the Color of the Skin and Hair": Experiences, Psychosocial Effects, and Confronting Racism by Children and Adolescents in a Capital in Northeastern Brazil -- Introduction -- What Some Studies on Childhood Racism Say -- Of the Paths and Challenges of Production of This Research: Methodological Issues -- Results and Discussion -- Perceptions and Meanings Attributed to Racism by Children and Adolescents -- Discrimination and Racism Experiences -- Repercussions and Possibilities for Confronting Racism -- Final Considerations -- References -- Chapter 4: Emotion Socialization and Developmental Outcomes in Black Children: Relations with Ethnic-Racial Socialization -- Introduction -- Emotion Socialization, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Developmental Outcomes in Black Populations -- Racism, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Black Children's Social-Emotional Development in Brazil -- Method -- Participants -- Procedures and Measures -- Results -- Preliminary Analysis -- Mediation Role of Children's Emotional Self-Regulation in the Relation Between Unsupportive Maternal Practices and Children's Externalizing Problems -- Discussion -- References -- Chapter 5: Violence, Structural Racism, and Their Relation to Health Outcomes of Black Brazilian Youth.

We compared Future Discounting (FD, preference for smaller, sooner rewards over larger, later ones) by 160 Brazilian youth (16–30 years old; 71 women and 89 men). University students and slum‐dwelling (favela) youth were compared. Participants completed a monetary FD task, a scale of youngsters′ view of their neighborhood, and self‐reported exposure to violence (EV). Favela youth discounted the future more than students; favela men more than women. However, university women discounted more than men, an unexpected result. Predicted differences in the participants′ view of their neighborhood between the two groups were observed. The interaction context × EV scores was a significant predictor of FD. These youth have apparently adjusted trade‐offs between the short and long term in a context‐sensitive, adaptive manner.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index. METHODS: We searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research. RESULTS: A total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs. CONCLUSIONS: No up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index. METHODS: We searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research. RESULTS: A total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs. CONCLUSIONS: No up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe and assess currently used area-based measures of deprivation in Brazil for health research, to the purpose of informing the development of a future small area deprivation index. METHODS We searched five electronic databases and seven websites of Brazilian research institutions and governmental agencies. Inclusion criteria were: studies proposing measures of deprivation for small areas (i.e., finer geography than country-level) in Brazil, published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. After data-extraction, results were tabulated according to the area level the deprivation measure was created for and to the dimensions of deprivation or poverty included in the measures. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the measures available, highlighting their utility for public health research. RESULTS A total of 7,199 records were retrieved, 126 full-text articles were assessed after inclusion criteria and a final list of 30 articles was selected. No small-area deprivation measures that have been applied to the whole of Brazil were found. Existing measures were mainly used to study infectious and parasitic diseases. Few studies used the measures to assess inequalities in mortality and no studies used the deprivation measure to evaluate the impact of social programs. CONCLUSIONS No up-to-date small area-based deprivation measure in Brazil covers the whole country. There is a need to develop such an index for Brazil to measure and monitor inequalities in health and mortality, particularly to assess progress in Brazil against the Sustainable Development Goal targets for different health outcomes, showing progress by socioeconomic groups.

With one billion people on the move or having moved in 2018, migration is a global reality, which has also become a political lightning rod. Although estimates indicate that the majority of global migration occurs within low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the most prominent dialogue focuses almost exclusively on migration from LMICs to high-income countries (HICs). Nowadays, populist discourse demonises the very same individuals who uphold economies, bolster social services, and contribute to health services in both origin and destination locations. Those in positions of political and economic power continue to restrict or publicly condemn migration to promote their own interests. Meanwhile nationalist movements assert so-called cultural sovereignty by delineating an us versus them rhetoric, creating a moral emergency.

With one billion people on the move or having moved in 2018, migration is a global reality, which has also become a political lightning rod. Although estimates indicate that the majority of global migration occurs within low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the most prominent dialogue focuses almost exclusively on migration from LMICs to high-income countries (HICs). Nowadays, populist discourse demonises the very same individuals who uphold economies, bolster social services, and contribute to health services in both origin and destination locations. Those in positions of political and economic power continue to restrict or publicly condemn migration to promote their own interests. Meanwhile nationalist movements assert so-called cultural sovereignty by delineating an us versus them rhetoric, creating a moral emergency.