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This debate has as its protagonist the media companies that feel attacked not so much by the President's words as by the government's desire to regulate activities that, like communication, have been opened up to market logic. Their media campaign has managed to simplify the discussion, turning it into a defense of freedom of speech against "authoritarianism," the word they use to characterize Correa´s administration. The administration, on the other hand, has not managed to include in this discussion, which affects not only the economic and political interests of the large media emporiums, all citizen groups that, right now, do not feel that the regulatory initiative is their issue. The definitive discussion, to be consistent with rights guaranteed by the Constitution, still has tasks pending. ; Este debate ha tenido como protagonista a las empresas periodísticas quienes se sienten atacadas, no tanto por las expresiones del Presidente, como por el afán del gobierno de regular actividades que, como la de la comunicación, han estado liberadas a las lógicas del mercado. Su campaña mediática ha logrado simplificar la discusión a una defesa de la libertad de expresión en contra del "autoritarismo" con el que caracterizan al gobierno de Correa.

Partiendo de la constatación de que las políticas desarrolladas históricamente por los gobiernos ecuatorianos han generado las condiciones legales y materiales para una situación de acentuada desdemocratización de la comunicación en el país, este artículo analiza el "activismo estatal" emprendido por el gobierno de Rafael Correa frente a los medios masivos. En lugar de presuponer que este activismo, instrumentado por un régimen político de características populistas, conduce necesariamente a la democratización de la comunicación mediatizada, se da cuenta de los avances realizados y se alerta sobre las acciones gubernamentales que han resultado desdemocratizadoras. ; Starting from the fact that politics in Ecuador have historically generated the legal and material conditions necessary for an accentuated de-democratization of communications in this country, this article analyzes the "state activism" carried out by Rafael Correa's administration regarding mass media. Instead of assuming that this activism –which is implemented by a political regime with populist qualities– necessarily leads to democratization of media communications, this article recognizes its accomplishments and takes caution on governmental actions that have resulted in a loss of democratic exercise.

This research seeks to understand the process of transformation of the city of Cordoba (Andalusia, southern Spain) during Late Antiquity, with a special focus on the material evidence indicative of the Christianization of funeral and urban topography of this city belonging to the ancient Roman province of Baetica. In so doing, this study goes beyond an understanding of the strict context of the necropolis itself, which forms the core of the project

A paisagem encontra-se em transformação contínua podendo a sua dinâmica ser entendida como um processo de transformação decorrente das relações que se estabelecem entre a sociedade, as suas características sócio-demográficas, os seus valores e as suas actividades económicas, os contextos políticos e institucionais presentes, e o espaço onde se inscreve. Procura-se, assim, identificar para as paisagens rurais remotas quais os factores (drivers) que podem vir a determinar a sua transformação. Face à incerteza que estas enfrentam, sobretudo associada ao declínio da actividade agrícola, recorre- se a cenários exploratórios de paisagem no sentido de construir futuros plausíveis. Após a discussão com os agentes locais face às suas expectativas, os cenários exploratórios de paisagem podem servir de base à definição de "Objectivos de Qualidade de Paisagística", em consonância com a Convenção Europeia da Paisagem e, deste modo, constituir um ponto de partida para a mobilização dos agentes locais.

"This book unites knowledge on how SMEs can apply open innovation strategies to development by incorporating academic, entrepreneurial, institutional, research, and empirical cases"--Provided by publisher

"This book reviews applications of open innovation concepts and strategies for SMEs development by accommodating theoretical perspectives and case studies, covering open innovation in terms of policy, politics, economy, and culture"--Provided by publisher

This paper looks into the concepts of electronic commerce (e-commerce) through the utilization of the Internet technologies. The study introduces the concept in finding a contextual diagram and talks further about the evolution of e-commerce. Thereafter, it develops a framework after deducting through various business models using an exploratory review. However, the main thrust of the paper is to illustrate factors of challenges in introducing and enhancing e-commerce activities, especially in the context of developing countries relating to human-computer interactions. The study emphasizes on issues like, acceptability, credibility, feasibility, ethics, privacy and trust as major challenges in expanding e-commerce in developing countries. Before concluding, the study proposes a few hints of e-commerce advancement in developing nations as future research.

Inovamais is an innovation consultant that began its activities in 1997, several years before the popularization of the Open Innovation paradigm. The founding motivation was to enable the connection of academic and entrepreneurial worlds, with focus on businesses and their needs and special emphasis on small and medium enterprises (SMEs). They work with both worlds, by turning universities' intellectual assets into commercially attractive knowledge, and helping enterprises to search external resources (funding, knowledge, and partnerships) for their innovation processes. The objective of the present case is to shed some lights over the role and services of an intermediary of open innovation in the current general innovation landscape. Therefore, this case will generally present the business model of Inovamais on intermediation of open innovation. It will also discuss the cultural, managerial, and political challenges and problems that Inovamais has identified and dealt with during these thirteen years of work at the Portuguese and European levels. ; - ...

Adoption of innovation strategies in entrepreneurship is an age old phenomenon, but inclusion of open innovation or collaborative innovation strategies in the business processes is a newly evolved concept. By far, most research reveals that the majority of successful global ventures are adopting open innovation strategies in their business proceedings. However, despite their contribution to entrepreneurship and national economy, the small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) are well below the expectation level in terms of acquiring this newly emerged trend of doing business. Moreover, not much research is being conducted to investigate SMEs potencies, expectations, delivery channels and intricacies around the adoption, nourishment and dissemination of open innovation strategies. This research proposes a contextual framework leading to an operational framework to explore the lifecycle of open innovation strategy management activities focusing technology transfer (inbounds or outwards). It discusses a few issues on future research in empowering SMEs through utilization of open innovation strategies.

In the past year, knowledge and innovation management have acquired increasing relevance in organizations. In the last decade, open innovation strategy, and in particular, crowdsourcing innovation model has also gained increasing importance. This model is seen as a new innovation model, capable of accelerating the innovation process. Therefore, it is important to understand how organizations can best take advantage of this innovation model. This paper approaches in two ways for commercializing intellectual property: crowdsourcing innovation, and intellectual property marketplaces. Thus, with the intention of understanding the concepts and practices, the study started by collecting scientific articles through bibliographic data bases. The paper provides knowledge about concepts and practices underlying the ways for commercializing intellectual property. It also contributes with a proposal of architecture for an intellectual property marketplace, based on the analysis of practices about crowdsourcing innovation and intellectual property marketplaces. This architecture is still in a draft stage, but already includes helpful insights for organizations interested in applying the open innovation strategy.