Suchergebnisse

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

As part of the energy transition, the French government is planning the construction of eight Offshore Wind Farms (OWF) along the English Channel and Atlantic coasts including the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF. Until now, there is no holistic study on the OWF construction and operation effects on an ecosystem taken as a whole. This thesis is the first study to lay the foundations for an ecosystem approach of Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) through the Courseulles-sur-mer OWF example. For that a combination of innovative modelling tools was applied to 1) characterise the ecosystem structure and functioning before the OWF construction; 2) simulate the impacts of this future OWF on the ecosystem structure and functioning. A food-web model and three scenarios were constructed to investigate the "reef" and "reserve" effects induced by the OWF on the ecosystem. Ecological Network Analysis indices, other ecosystem attributes and Mean Trophic Level were derived to investigate the ecosystem health and state.However, being aware that this ecosystem is threatened by multiple perturbations, there is a need to understand how human activities interact to influence ecosystem functioning in a long term climate change context. Thus, a holistic view of cumulated impacts on the Courseulles-sur-mer' ecosystem through the use of an oriented signed digraph was also developed. Results highlighted a combination of significant changes in the food-web structure and ecosystem functioning. These results can play a vital role in both decision making by improving long term planning for the marine environment but also as tool for communication with the public and so contribute to a better acceptability of MRE project. ; ans le cadre de la transition énergétique, le gouvernement Français prévoit la construction de huit parcs éoliens en mer (offshore) le long des côtes Manche-Atlantique parmi lesquels le futur parc éolien au large de Courseulles-sur-mer. A ce jour, il n'existe pas d'étude globale et intégrée des effets de la construction et de ...

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.

International audience ; Since the beginning of the 2000', the French government ambition was to have an offshore wind production formed 40% of the renewable electricity in 2030. Three calls tenders of Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) construction have been pronounced since 2011. However, no offshore wind farm (OWF) had been constructed at the end of 2017 due to long administrative procedures and numerous appeals in justice, at French and European levels. Nevertheless, several studies have been enterprised to identify the environmental conditions and ecosystem functioning in selected sites before OWF implantations. However, these studies are generally focused on the conservation of some species or groups of species, and there is no holistic study on the effects of the construction and operation of OWF on an ecosystem taken as a whole. In 2017, a complete and integrated view of the ecosystem of two future OWF sites of the eastern English Channel (Courseulles-sur-Mer and Dieppe-Le Tréport) was developed to model the marine ecosystems before OWF implementation and to simulate reef effects due to new spatial occupation of maritime territory. Results contribute to a better knowledge of the impacts of the OWFs on the functioning of marine ecosystems. They also allow to define recommendations for environmental managers and industry in terms of monitoring the effects of marine renewable energy (MRE), not only locally but also on other sites, at national and European levels.