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ABSTRACTMany observers have judged the recent wave of democratization in Africa as an unstoppable process and have overemphasized the role of external factors in inducing this change. This article argues that the quality of change has been fragile and defective in many respects, and draws attention to the susceptibility of the process of democratic transition to reversals. It goes on to underscore the importance of internal forces in bringing about change and in ensuring the sustainability of democracy in Africa. The tasks that lie ahead for civil society in Africa and the role of the international community and political conditionality of aid in this context are then debated.

Democracy and Environmental Movements in Eastern Europe: A Comparative Study of Hungary and Russia is a systematic comparison of environmental activism and more broadly, collective democratic action in two former state socialist societies. Based on extensive research, Katy Pickvance offers us a study in contrasts.

The changing role of the state in society and the economy, new orientations in public sector management and reform, and the growing importance of voluntary organizations and entrepreneurs have given new meaning to the concept of development management. This book argues that the task of managing development in the 1990s is one of encouraging dynamic interactions among public, private, and voluntary institutions as well as among external agencies and donors in an effort to raise living standards and to improve economic performance. Emphasizing that development is no longer solely a public sector responsibility, the contributors offer a new paradigm in place of the traditional concerns of public and development administration. They analyse the context in which the private and voluntary sectors and people-oriented initiatives have assumed their current prominence and put forward practical recommendations for sustaining linkages among public administration, business administration, and management practices in support of the development process in Africa. (DÜI-Hff)