Suchergebnisse

Purpose To determine potential unique factors influencing cigarette and e-cigarette use in US Latino youth. Approach We conducted a qualitative study assessing cigarette and e-cigarette perceptions and experiences, including experiences with/perceptions of the products, cultural influences and influences of friends and family. Setting Four online discussion boards, conducted in October 2020. Participants 92 Latino youth aged 15-21 years living in the US. Method Data from the discussion groups were coded and analyzed by three trained coders using a thematic analysis approach. Results Stress relief emerged as the dominant theme connected with both cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Apart from stress, perceptions of and experiences with the products differed. E-cigarettes were commonly viewed as trendy and cool and participants often reported using them due to curiosity and popularity. Participants commonly compared e-cigarettes to cigarettes, noting benefits of e-cigarettes. Participants also noted more negative short and long-term health effects of cigarette use, and discussed generational differences between the two products. Conclusion Findings from this study help address a dearth of research examining tobacco use among diverse groups of Latino youth. Findings indicate that despite differences in country of heritage, Latino youth are united by similar opinions about cigarettes and e-cigarettes. Additionally, they share cultural values and experiences which could be leveraged for tobacco control communications that cut across populations of Latino youth.

Purpose: Examine association between emotional valence and intensity prompted by anti-tobacco advertising messages and perceived ad effectiveness among youth/young adults. Design: Online forced-exposure survey data from a nationally weighted, cross-sectional sample of youth/young adults, collected periodically over a 4-year period. Setting: National. Participants: Thirty-seven cross-sectional surveys conducted online from June 2015 to January 2018; total N = 9534. All participants, aged 15 to 21, were in the intervention; no control group. Intervention: Individuals participating in premarket testing of truth ads were forced exposed to one of 37 anti-tobacco ads. Measures: Emotional response, emotional intensity, and perceived ad effectiveness. Emotional response has been previously studied and measured. Including the discrete measure of "concerned" in positive emotions is unique to our study. It patterned with the other positive emotions when each ad was examined by each emotion. Intensity as measured in this study through the 5-point scale ("how much does this ad make you feel") is unique in the anti-tobacco ad literature. Although several past studies ranked the degree of emotion elicited by ads, they have not incorporated the intensity of emotion as reported by the participant themselves. The scale was used to determine whether perceived ad effectiveness is similar to those used in previous studies. Analysis: Linear regressions were estimated to assess type of emotional sentiment and level of intensity in relation to perceived effectiveness of the message. Results: All 9534 participants were exposed; no control group. The βs indicate how strongly the emotion variable influences the study outcome of perceived ad effectiveness. Positive emotions (β = .76) were more highly associated with perceived ad effectiveness (β = .06). Higher intensity with positive emotional sentiment and high-intensity negative produced the highest scores for perceived ad effectiveness (β = .30). Conclusion: Eliciting a positive, high-impact emotional response from viewers can help improve perceived effectiveness, and in turn, overall ad effectiveness.

This study describes cigarette smoking trajectories, the influence of social smoker self-identification (SSID), and correlates of these trajectories in two cohorts of U.S. young adults: a sample from the Chicago metropolitan area (Social Emotional Contexts of Adolescent and Young Adult Smoking Patterns [SECAP], n = 893) and a national sample (Truth Initiative Young Adult Cohort Study [YA Cohort], n = 1,491). Using latent class growth analyses and growth mixture models, five smoking trajectories were identified in each sample: in SECAP: nonsmoking ( n = 658, 73.7%), declining smoking ( n = 20, 2.2%), moderate/stable smoking ( n = 114, 12.8%), high/stable smoking ( n = 79, 8.9%), and escalating smoking ( n = 22, 2.5%); and in YA Cohort: nonsmoking ( n = 1,215, 81.5%), slowly declining smoking ( n = 52, 3.5%), rapidly declining smoking ( n = 50, 3.4%), stable smoking ( n = 139, 9%), and escalating smoking ( n = 35, 2.4%). SSID was most prevalent in moderate/stable smoking (35.5% SECAP), rapidly declining smoking (25.2% YA Cohort), and nonsmoking. Understanding nuances of how smoking identity is formed and used to limit or facilitate smoking behavior in young adults will allow for more effective interventions to reduce tobacco use.

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the relationship between menthol perceptions and support for a national menthol ban.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>Descriptive cross-sectional study.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>Data were collected from a nationally representative probability-based panel of adults aged ≥18 years during June 21, 2016 through July 18, 2016. A total of 1,303 respondents, including an oversample of 300 African Americans, completed the survey.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Main Outcome Measures: </strong>Weighted logistic regression models examined the relationship between menthol perceptions, specifically related to health and addiction, and the outcome measure: support for a menthol ban, by menthol smoking status. All models controlled for age, sex, education level, and race/ethnicity.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>The association between reporting accurate menthol health perceptions dif­fered by menthol preference. Among non-menthol smokers, there was no association between accurate menthol health percep­tions and support of a menthol ban while more accurate menthol perceptions of ad­diction were associated with greater support of a menthol ban (aOR=2.83, CI=1.19- 6.72). Among menthol smokers, more accurate health-related menthol percep­tions were associated with increased odds of supporting a menthol ban (aOR=3.90, CI=1.02-14.79) while more accurate men­thol addiction perceptions were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fewer current menthol smok­ers support a menthol ban than current non-menthol smokers given its effect on their preferred product. Given the large proportions of smokers who have misper­ceptions of the health consequences and addictive properties of menthol, there is a moral imperative to inform those who use these products. Findings suggest the need for tailored messaging strategies targeted to reach menthol smokers who will be most impacted by a ban, but also have the most to gain from such a policy change.</p><p><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2018;28(3):177-186; doi:10.18865/ ed.28.3.177.</p>