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The City of Tomorrow (and Today). Futurecraft ; Bits and Atoms ; Wiki City -- Metropolitan Information Flows. Big (Urban) Data ; Cyborg Society ; Living Architecture -- Senseable City. Mobility ; Energy ; Knowledge -- Looking Forward. Hack the City ; Epilogue

An internationally renowned architect, urban planner, and scholar describes the major technological forces driving the future of cities

Die Autoren vom Senseable City Lab am MIT zeigen, wie Big Data die Realität und damit die Beschäftigung mit der Stadt verändern, sie interpretieren digitale Daten als Material, das sie zu Formulierung einen neuen urbanen Zukunft heranziehen. Vier Fallstudien erweitern die spezifischen Schwerpunkte. Nicht übersehen werden die Schattenseiten dieser Datenerfassung und -steuerung.

Das Senseable City Lab am MIT unter Carlo Ratti beschäftigt sich mit den Strömen von Menschen und Waren, die sich um den Globus bewegen. Erfahrungen mit infrastrukturellen Großprojekten legen nahe, dass komplexe und flexible Antworten auf Fragen des Transports oder der Entsorgung gesucht werden müssen. Die Autoren zeigen wie Big Data die Realität und damit die Beschäftigung mit der Stadt verändern, und diskutieren die Auswirkungen von Echtzeitdaten auf Architektur und Stadtplanung anhand von Beispielen: sie demonstrieren, wie das City Lab digitale Daten als Material interpretiert, das für die Formulierung einer urbanen Zukunft herangezogen werden kann. Nicht übersehen werden dabei die Schattenseiten der Datenerfassung und -steuerung. Fragen mit welchen sich die planenden Disziplinen in der Stadt in Zukunft intensiv beschäftigen müssen und bisherige Aufgaben und Selbstverständnis in Frage stellen.

The field of Open Source Hardware Mechanical Ventilators (OSH-MVs) has seen a steep rise of contributions during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. As predictions showed that the number of patients would exceed current supply of hospital-grade ventilators, a number of formal (academia, the industry and governments) and informal (fablabs and startups) entities raced to develop cheap, easy-to-fabricate mechanical ventilators. The presence of actors with very diverse modus operandi as well as the speed at which the field has grown, led to a fragmented design space characterized by a lack of clear design patterns, projects not meeting the minimum functional requirements or showing little-to-no innovation; but also valid alternatives to hospital-grade devices. In this paper we provide a taxonomic system to help researchers with no background in biomedical engineering to read, understand and contribute to the OSH-MV field. The taxonomy is composed of ten properties that are read through the lenses of three reflection criteria: buildability, adoptability and scalability. We applied the taxonomy to the analysis of seventeen OSH-MV projects, which are representative of the current landscape of possibilities available for COVID-19 patients. We discuss the different design choices adopted by each project highlighting strengths and weaknesses and we suggest possible directions for the development of the OSH-MV field.

Quantifying regularities in behavioral dynamics is of crucial interest for understanding collective social events such as panics or political revolutions. With the widespread use of digital communication media it has become possible to study massive data streams of user-created content in which individuals express their sentiments, often towards a specific topic. Here we investigate messages from various online media created in response to major, collectively followed events such as sport tournaments, presidential elections, or a large snow storm. We relate content length and message rate, and find a systematic correlation during events which can be described by a power law relation—the higher the excitation, the shorter the messages. We show that on the one hand this effect can be observed in the behavior of most regular users, and on the other hand is accentuated by the engagement of additional user demographics who only post during phases of high collective activity. Further, we identify the distributions of content lengths as lognormals in line with statistical linguistics, and suggest a phenomenological law for the systematic dependence of the message rate to the lognormal mean parameter. Our measurements have practical implications for the design of micro-blogging and messaging services. In the case of the existing service Twitter, we show that the imposed limit of 140 characters per message currently leads to a substantial fraction of possibly dissatisfying to compose tweets that need to be truncated by their users. ; Ericsson Inc. (''Signature of Humanity'' fellowship)