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Michael North,The Baltic: a history
In: Canadian Slavonic papers: an interdisciplinary journal devoted to Central and Eastern Europe, Band 58, Heft 2, S. 197-198
ISSN: 2375-2475
Transnational Contacts and Cross-Fertilization Among Baltic Historians in Exile, 1968–1991
In: Journal of Baltic studies: JBS, Band 43, Heft 3, S. 315-327
ISSN: 1751-7877
Estonia after 1991: Identity and Integration
In: East European politics and societies: EEPS, Band 23, Heft 4, S. 526-534
ISSN: 1533-8371
The past two decades have witnessed a reassessment and broadening of conceptions of identity among both the ethnic Estonian and Russian populations in Estonia. In addition to a continuing focus on aspects of national distinctiveness, emphasizing their small numbers, language, culture, territorial homeland, and—as a new factor—the state, the Estonians have increasingly engaged with a wider range of identities (local, regional, and European). Among these, the regional level has been the most productive, enhancing Estonia's already strong ties to Finland but also fostering closer connections to its other Nordic and Baltic neighbors. Although integration into NATO and integration into the European Union continue to receive strong approval, a European identity is still in the process of formation. For the Russian community, the fall of communism led to a full reevaluation of the bases of its identity. The major trend has seen a shift from a political consciousness (loyalty to the Soviet Union) to a greater emphasis on the Russian language and ethnicity. In spite of the general peacefulness of ethnic relations, any meaningful integration of the two major nationalities in Estonia remains incomplete, as graphically demonstrated in the Bronze Soldier affair in April 2007. Russians, especially younger ones, increasingly know the Estonian language, but views of history, especially regarding World War II, and attitudes toward Russia still differ markedly between the Estonian and Russian populations. The process of integration is further complicated by the neighboring and still powerful kin-state of the local Russian population.
Estonia after 1991: Identity and Integration
In: East European politics and societies and cultures: EEPS, Band 23, Heft 4, S. 526-534
ISSN: 0888-3254
The All-Estonian Congress in Tartu, November 1905: A Reassessment
In: Journal of Baltic studies: JBS, Band 38, Heft 4, S. 383-400
ISSN: 1751-7877
Nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Estonian nationalism revisited
In: Nations and nationalism: journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 129-148
ISSN: 1354-5078
Nineteenth‐ and early twentieth‐century Estonian nationalism revisited
In: Nations and nationalism: journal of the Association for the Study of Ethnicity and Nationalism, Band 9, Heft 1, S. 129-147
ISSN: 1469-8129
AbstractThis article revisits the topic of Estonian nationalism during the second half of the nineteenth century and up to the eve of independence in the early twentieth century. It briefly surveys the treatment of the Estonian case in recent larger works on nationalism and then offers an assessment of various issues relating to Estonian nationalism in its early phase, including the suitability of a strictly modernist approach, nation formation and the question of the spread of national consciousness on a mass basis, and the role of cultural versus political aspects. The article also notes the deepening of research on nationalism in post‐communist Estonia, especially studies of social mobilisation, ties with neighbouring Finland and Latvia, and the role of Russification. It concludes with a reassessment of the salient elements of Estonian national identity in this period.
Estonia in the 1990s
In: Journal of Baltic studies: JBS, Band 32, Heft 1, S. 19-43
ISSN: 1751-7877
The image of the Baltic German elites in twentieth-century Estonian historiography: The 1930s vs. the 1970s
In: Journal of Baltic studies: JBS, Band 30, Heft 4, S. 338-351
ISSN: 1751-7877
Parties and Democracy in the PostrSoviet Republics: The Case of Estonia. By David Arter. Brookfield, Vt.: Dartmouth, 1996. xviii, 283 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Chronology. Index. Tables. $67.95, hard bound
In: Slavic review: interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies, Band 57, Heft 4, S. 903-904
ISSN: 2325-7784
The Estonian SSR Language Law (1989): Background and Implementation
In: Nationalities papers: the journal of nationalism and ethnicity, Band 23, Heft 3, S. 515-534
ISSN: 1465-3923
The Estonian Language Law, passed by the Estonian SSR Supreme Soviet on 18 January 1989, was the first of its kind in the Soviet Union. It helped launch a wave of similar legislation in other union republics and symbolized a new level of assertion of republican rights against Moscow and the tradition of centralized control. It is no coincidence that the Language Law was drafted and became available for public discussion at virtually the same time as Estonia's declaration on sovereignty (16 November 1988), also a first in Gorbachev's USSR. Indeed in late 1988 and early 1989 Estonia was leading the way in the movement for decentralization in the Soviet empire as the major political goal began to shift from autonomy to independence. This article will assess the origins and nature of the law itself as well as its implementation and impact over a nearly five-year period to late 1993.
Post-Soviet Estonia, 1991–1993
In: Journal of Baltic studies: JBS, Band 25, Heft 1, S. 73-80
ISSN: 1751-7877
Die Nationalitäten des Russischen Reiches in der Volkszählung von 1897. Eds. Henning Bauer, Andreas Kappeler and Brigitte Roth. Vol. 1, Quellenkritische Dokumentation und Datenhandbuch, and vol. 2, Ausgewählte Daten zur sozio-ethnischen Struktur des Russischen Reiches–Erste Auswertungen der Kölner N...
In: Slavic review: interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies, Band 53, Heft 3, S. 904-905
ISSN: 2325-7784
Towards Independence: The Baltic Popular Movements. Ed. Jan A. Trapans. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991. 166 pp. $27.85, paper
In: Slavic review: interdisciplinary quarterly of Russian, Eurasian and East European studies, Band 51, Heft 1, S. 156-157
ISSN: 2325-7784