Suchergebnisse

Carlos Castaneda, as apparent in his works of 1968-1987, was initiated by his teacher don Juan & the oral tradition of the Mexican Indians into a philosophy of seeing, knowing, & doing. The initiation he described teaches a man to see himself as humble, & to understand the importance of solitude. The initiate learns to know & respect intention, which guides human life. Initiation is characterized by acquisition of a way of knowing, but also stresses that a man of knowledge (a warrior) should put into practice what he knows. This factor alone distinguishes initiation from classical learning. Castaneda's key point is in the mysterious relationship between time & eternity: the warrior lives in a series of instants, which compose an eternal chain without beginning or end. The magic key of the instant is not found except in love -- or art, prayer, or people. M. Pflum

A fin de analizar las formas de iniciación practicadas antiguamente por las poblaciones amerindias, el autor presenta una lectura teológica de los libros publicados por Carlos Castaneda de 1968 a 1987, en los cuales relata su propia experiencia al respecto.

AbstractNot only Covid‐19 has spread all over the world—the policies responding to this pandemic have also diffused rapidly across countries. In this research note, we present findings from an original dataset that features mobility restrictions in all EU/EFTA states as well as the United Kingdom during the first wave of the pandemic. We find that most countries adopted restrictions within a few days only and that restrictions on internal mobility had been introduced prior to restrictions on cross‐border mobility, but that the latter have been more persistent. Furthermore, we observe an evolution from great variation of policy choices at the outset of the pandemic towards convergence. Analyzing the mobility restrictions through a policy diffusion lens, we find tentative evidence for interdependent policy‐making especially in the temporal patterns of adoption. Our research note can serve a basis for future research on policy‐making and policy diffusion in times of crisis.

The real estate tax policy, as well as a massive reform in the real estate mass valuation was among major reforms of the Latvian government in the financial crisis management plan. These reforms were supported by the International Monetary Fund and European Commission. One of the directions for economic recovery suggested by the lenders to Latvia was a reform of taxation system including reviewing of stagnated real property tax principles. This reform met total criticism from society, local governments, as well involved state institutions and agencies.

In recent decades, we have witnessed the diffusion of policy diffusion studies across many sub-disciplines of political science. Four mechanisms of policy diffusion—learning, competition, emulation and coercion—have become widely accepted as explanations for how policymaking processes and policy outcomes in one polity influence those in other polities. After pointing to major shortcomings of this inductively gained set of mechanisms, we present a theoretically more coherent typology that draws on key concepts from International Relations and Policy Studies. The four mechanisms we lay down consider rationalist and social constructivist approaches equally and they incorporate symmetric and asymmetric constellations. By further distinguishing between processes confined to one policy field and those arising from links across policy fields, we present a typology of eight theoretically consistent pathways of policy diffusion. Our framework enables the aggregation of knowledge and contributes to conceptual coherence in multi-methods research.

In recent decades, we have witnessed the diffusion of policy diffusion studies across many sub-disciplines of political science. Four mechanisms of policy diffusion—learning, competition, emulation and coercion—have become widely accepted as explanations for how policymaking processes and policy outcomes in one polity influence those in other polities. After pointing to major shortcomings of this inductively gained set of mechanisms, we present a theoretically more coherent typology that draws on key concepts from International Relations and Policy Studies. The four mechanisms we lay down consider rationalist and social constructivist approaches equally and they incorporate symmetric and asymmetric constellations. By further distinguishing between processes confined to one policy field and those arising from links across policy fields, we present a typology of eight theoretically consistent pathways of policy diffusion. Our framework enables the aggregation of knowledge and contributes to conceptual coherence in multi-methods research. ; + ID der Publikation: unilu_56552 + Sprache: Englisch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2022-01-10 12:45:27

O chá indiano da região de Darjeeling é um dos mais apreciados do mundo. Sua produção requer uma série de fatores que envolvem desde o clima da região até a perícia na sua colheita. A tradição do seu plantio é centenária e repassada para as gerações futuras, garantindo desta forma o ciclo de produção do chá mais cobiçado do mundo. Não é só a especificidade da produção que torna o chá de Darjeeling especial, mas toda uma gama de distinção entre o clima, o solo e a planta do chá em si. A fama internacional do chá de Darjeeling trouxe a necessidade de preocupar-se com a proteção da marca, por meio do registro de Indicador Geográfico. A preocupação é oriunda do uso da palavra e do logotipo "Darjeeling" por empresas estrangeiras, sendo em alguns casos até registrados, e protegidos como marca, nas suas legislações pátrias. O governo indiano por meio de lei criou A Diretoria do Chá, afim de proteger um dos seus mais importantes produtos de exportação, no âmbito do comércio internacional. O objeto do presente estudo é verificar como o uso da palavra e o registro do logotipo "Chá de Darjeeling" são tratados por países desenvolvidos – no estudo específico, Japão e França-quando se trata de interesses de empresas da sua nacionalidade, em relação à proteção de marcas de empresas estrangeiras, reconhecida mundialmente por ser um Indicador Geográfico. Palavras-Chaves: Indicador Geográfico; Organização Mundial do Comércio; Acordos TRIPS; Propriedade Intelectual.

O chá indiano da região de Darjeeling é um dos mais apreciados do mundo. Sua produção requer uma série de fatores que envolvem desde o clima da região até a perícia na sua colheita. A tradição do seu plantio é centenária e repassada para as gerações futuras, garantindo desta forma o ciclo de produção do chá mais cobiçado do mundo. Não é só a especificidade da produção que torna o chá de Darjeeling especial, mas toda uma gama de distinção entre o clima, o solo e a planta do chá em si. A fama internacional do chá de Darjeeling trouxe a necessidade de preocupar-se com a proteção da marca, por meio do registro de Indicador Geográfico. A preocupação é oriunda do uso da palavra e do logotipo "Darjeeling" por empresas estrangeiras, sendo em alguns casos até registrados, e protegidos como marca, nas suas legislações pátrias. O governo indiano por meio de lei criou A Diretoria do Chá, afim de proteger um dos seus mais importantes produtos de exportação, no âmbito do comércio internacional. O objeto do presente estudo é verificar como o uso da palavra e o registro do logotipo "Chá de Darjeeling" são tratados por países desenvolvidos – no estudo específico, Japão e França-quando se trata de interesses de empresas da sua nacionalidade, em relação à proteção de marcas de empresas estrangeiras, reconhecida mundialmente por ser um Indicador Geográfico. Palavras-Chaves: Indicador Geográfico; Organização Mundial do Comércio; Acordos TRIPS; Propriedade Intelectual.

This work aims to shed light on the yet unanswered question regarding the limited carbonation yield of activatedlizardite via direct carbonation. Two amorphous Mg-rich silicate phases were identified upon activation. A rapid and complete carbonation of a highly reactive amorphous silicate phase was observed under moderately low pressure and temperature conditions (50-120 °C, 6 bar). Carbonation of this phase yielded to the formation of carbonates and a Si-rich passivating phase. On the other hand, the other amorphous silicate phase remained unaltered upon carbonation, fixing a significant amount of Mg within its disordered structure. The presence of poorly reactive intermediate Mg-rich silicate and Si-rich phases might be responsible for the yet unanswered relatively low carbonation efficiencies obtained via direct carbonation of activated lizardite. These limiting factors are considered to reduce the carbonation yield significantly more than the nucleation of forsterite during thermal activation. Analogous experiments carried with different meta-serpentines yielded the formation of distinct carbonate phases. The different distribution of highly and poorly-reactive amorphous phases among the different activated materials might have played an important role in the accelerated formation of magnesite (which was observed to occur once hydromagnesite formation reached a steady state) and the transformation of nesquehonite to dypingite-like phases. ; This work has been partially funded by the Government of Catalonia through the FI-2017 program for the recruitment of early-stage researchers (K.R.). Contract number: 2017 FI_B00129 (K.R.). Authors are grateful to Prof. Joaquín Proenza (Universitat de Barcelona) who kindly provided the samples studied in this research. The authors gratefully acknowledge Prof. Alissa Park and Mr. Guanhi Rim for insightful discussions. Technical assistance in sample characterization of the reaction products by Drs. Trifon Trifonov and Montserrat Domínguez-Escalante, from the Barcelona ...

The utilization of high-calcium fly ashes (HCFA) from coal-fired power plants in the construction industry is problematic, since their high free lime contents can lead to durability problems. In this research, the carbonation of a high-CaO fly ash has been carried out using simulated flue gas and concentrated CO2, with the aim to assess the valorization potential of such materials in the construction industry. The results show that, at 7 bars total pressure, an up to 36% carbonation efficiency can be achieved in just 30 min when pure CO2 is used; a comparable result with flue gas requires about 4 h of reaction. On the other hand, experiments carried out at atmospheric pressure show significantly different carbonation efficiencies depending on the CO2 concentration of the gas used. All experiments resulted in a substantial reduction in the original free lime content, and after reaction times of 4 h (at atmospheric pressure) and pressures of 7 bars (for any reaction time >30 min), the final free lime values were low enough to comply with the requirements of European Standards for their utilization as additions in cement. ; This work has been partially funded by the Government of Catalonia through the FI-2017 program for the recruitment of early-stage researchers. Contract number: 2017 FI_B00129 (K.R.) and by the Erasmus Mundus Joint Doctoral Programme on Environomical Pathways to Sustainable Energy Services (SELECTp; A. C.). Grant ENE2015-63969-C3-1-R (Spanish Government; IC co-I) and AGH grant number 16.16.210.476 (KZ). ; Peer Reviewed ; Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::13 - Acció per al Clima ; Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::7 - Energia Assequible i No Contaminant ; Postprint (published version)