Suchergebnisse

After the collapse of socialistic system in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, U.S. led Capitalistic Philosophy began to stretch its feet in the global world. Infact globalization has brought a great revolution in the advanced technology (Specially in Communication), democratic thoughts and culture, productivity (Cheaper Goods), new knowledge areas and ideas etc., but it has also given several problems to the society i.e. pollution, crime, corruption, unemployment, poverty, cut-throat competition and cultural degradation and social injustice and so on. Consequently under the global economy richer class has become more richer and man has lost "we feeling" and communal social relationship. As a whole the network of the socio-economic environment has been revolutionized.

The choice-empowered customer is now commanding position to the throne, to borrow an expression from military literature, dictating terms and proclaiming kingship. There is no any other way except for bankers to wake up to this emerging reality and realize that, to be competitive. One must necessarily have to be customer focused. For this reason, banker's missions are no longer product, profit or even market oriented, but only focused on customer's supremacy. Technological competence can be a vital support, but marketing knowledge holds the key. In most of the conventional banks the basic strength is the foundations of larger customers for decades that are loyal. The scenario is not going to be the same for long. The entry of foreign banks and emergence of new private banks have brought about certain market scales, which were not present before. Many new novelties like bank expertise, new initiatives, and functional pattern have emerged. There are quite a lot of things to follow in the system and styles of foreign banks. The question therefore boils down to the need to be efficient and quick to understand the changing customer profile and customer requirements. Customer will dominate the market. Bank with full capabilities for developing innovative products structuring and down selling assets, offering floating rates for both loan and deposits has also operating in global foreign exchange markets will be winners. For this propose credit management, product development market research and treasury operations are the thrust areas which could require focused attention.

Context
Livestock depredation is a major conservation challenge around the world, causing considerable economical losses to pastoral communities and often result in retaliatory killing. In Mongolia, livestock depredation rates are thought to be increasing due to changes in pastoral practices and the transformation of wild habitats into pasture lands. Few studies have examined the interactions between humans and carnivores and even fewer have considered how recent changes in pastoral practices may affect depredation rates.


Aim
This study aimed to assess the influence of herding practices on self-reported livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves in two communities in South Gobi, Mongolia.


Methods
In total, 144 herder households were interviewed and an information-theoretic approach was used to analyse the factors influencing self-reported livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves.


Key results
The majority of self-reported losses to both snow leopards and wolves occurred when herds were left unattended in the pastures. The economic loss associated with livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves amounted to an average loss of US$825 per herder and year. The number of livestock owned by a household and the frequency of shifting campsite had the strongest influence on livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves. Other determinants of livestock losses included frequency of visiting the soum (county) centre.


Implications
On the basis of the findings, we make recommendations for mitigating the conflict with large carnivores, with focus on guiding future herding practices.

Context
Livestock depredation is a major conservation challenge around the world, causing considerable economical losses to pastoral communities and often result in retaliatory killing. In Mongolia, livestock depredation rates are thought to be increasing due to changes in pastoral practices and the transformation of wild habitats into pasture lands. Few studies have examined the interactions between humans and carnivores and even fewer have considered how recent changes in pastoral practices may affect depredation rates.


Aim
This study aimed to assess the influence of herding practices on self-reported livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves in two communities in South Gobi, Mongolia.


Methods
In total, 144 herder households were interviewed and an information-theoretic approach was used to analyse the factors influencing self-reported livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves.


Key results
The majority of self-reported losses to both snow leopards and wolves occurred when herds were left unattended in the pastures. The economic loss associated with livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves amounted to an average loss of US$825 per herder and year. The number of livestock owned by a household and the frequency of shifting campsite had the strongest influence on livestock losses to snow leopards and wolves. Other determinants of livestock losses included frequency of visiting the soum (county) centre.


Implications
On the basis of the findings, we make recommendations for mitigating the conflict with large carnivores, with focus on guiding future herding practices.