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The paper argues that statistics should be seen as organizational products and that growth in the range and variety of statistics testifies to growth in the power of organizations. The paper emphasises the importance of identifying the functions of statistical systems, and recommends a genealogical approach to help identify the unwitting testimony given by the assumptions and motivations associated with the categorizations and data creation procedures used in the production of statistics. The paper examines the motivations, assumptions, and functions associated with statistical systems involving the Census of Population, the British National Food Survey, economic management, and unemployment. The discussion focuses on the evidence these case studies provide on the role of statistics in society and of the influence of organizational meanings on society.

AbstractIntra-orgartisationally statistics are commonly perceived, both in government and in other organisations, as a tool of management. But the dominant function of statistics is to contribute to inter- and intra-organisational coordination. The value of statistics lies in their use as an instrument of self-management. The paper identifies an unacknowledged degree of participation by users in statistical systems and advocates an ought-to-know principle for the design of such systems. The ought-to-know principle should guide the distribution of statistics within governmental organisations and policy for statistical publication. Contributor and user organisations (e.g. local government and private firms) should play a greater part in deciding what statistics should be collected and how they should be distributed and could well share responsibility for meeting the costs.

Intraorganizationally, statistics are commonly perceived in government & other organizations as a tool of management; but the dominant function of statistics is to contribute to inter- & intraorganizational coordination. The value of statistics lies in their use as an instrument of self-management. An unacknowledged degree of participation by users in statistical systems is identified, & an ought-to-know principle for the design of such systems advocated. ought-to-know principle should guide the distribution of statistics within governmental organizations & the policy for statistical publication. Contributor & user organizations (eg, local government & private firms) should play a greater part in deciding what statistics should be collected & how they should be distributed ; they could share responsibility for meeting the costs. 30 References. HA.

By Latin-American standards, Chile has enjoyed a remarkably stable government. Yet, there have been significant intervals of political unrest marked by violence and internal disorder. At both the beginning and the end of the nineteenth century, Liberals and Conservatives clashed in bloody battles, opening wounds that festered for many years. In the early decades of the twentieth century, the military revolted three times in the space of eight years (1924-1932) in order to promote social reform. Marmaduke Grove Vallejo figured prominently in these events, first as a participant in the January uprising of 1925, later as an opponent of the dictatorship of Carlos Ibáñez del Campo, and finally as a leader of the military forces that overthrew the government of Juan Esteban Montero Rodríguez and established the Socialist Republic of Chile.

"Supplement . containing the amendments to the close of the Legislative session of 1916, with all of the decisions since the date of the original work July, 1914, to June 1, 1916," by Thomas H. Ray . Albany, M. Bender, 1916: p. [585]-757. ; Binder's title: Ray on Mechanics' liens and general contracting. Enlarged edition, 1916. ; Mode of access: Internet.

AbstractThe optimality of the One‐Bug‐Look‐Ahead (OLA) software release policy proposed by Morali and Soyer (Nav Res Logist 50 (2003), 88–104) is re‐examined in this paper. A counterexample is constructed to show that OLA is not optimal in general. The optimal stopping approach is then called upon to prove that OLA possesses weaker sense of optimality under conditional monotonicity and the strong sense of optimality holds under a more restrictive sample‐wise monotonicity condition. The NTDS data are analyzed for illustration, and OLA is shown to be robust with respect to model parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007.

The Production and Presentation of Statistics of Unemployment: Comparability Issues