Suchergebnisse

This study examines the influence of workers' remittances
along with the economic governance system on human capital development
in 17 countries having low income, lower middle, upper middle and high
income levels by using the annual panel between 1996 and 2013. Overall,
results of fixed-effects model reveal that workers' remittances have
significantly positive impact on the human capital development. Results
also reveal the positive and significant impact of all selected
variables of economic governance system on human capital. It is
concluded that the strong economic governance system strengthens the
association between workers' remittances and human capital during the
aforementioned time period. JEL Classification: F24, J23 Keywords:
Remittances, Economic Governance System, Human Capital
Development

Purpose
The lockdown in the spring of 2020 significantly disrupted businesses. Unquestionably, countless dealers who had to shut their shops for weeks were hit hardest by the crisis. Similarly, consumers also face many difficulties, especially in emerging economies. At this time, e-commerce is the only available option that people can use to fulfill their needs. In developing states, people prefer to buy things from shops. Hence, it raises a concern about whether people will adopt e-commerce in the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to examine the consumers' intention to adopt e-commerce by incorporating corona fear as a moderator.


Design/methodology/approach
The statistical techniques applied to the data set were confirmatory factor analysis and partial least square structural equation modeling.


Findings
The findings depict that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norms, perceived lack of alternatives are positively and significantly connected with the intention to adopt e-commerce. However, perceived risk, perceived behavioral control and attitude have a positive but insignificant effect. Additionally, moderating analysis results depict that corona fear moderates the associations between perceived risk, perceived usefulness, subjective norms and attitude. However, no moderating effect is found in perceived ease of use and perceived behavioral control.


Originality/value
The present research is the initial attempt that analyzes consumers' intention to accept e-commerce during the corona pandemic in a country like Pakistan, where the trend of physical shopping is more favorable among consumers. Also, it includes the moderating role of corona fear to understand how this fear has shaped the consumers' intention to shop online? Additionally, the technology acceptance model framework is expanded by including perceived risk and perceived lack of alternatives in the research model.

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of workers' remittances and its volatility on economic growth of five South Asian countries by employing long time series data from 1975 to 2009. Cointegration results confirm a significant positive long run relationship between remittances and economic growth in India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, but a significant negative relationship in Pakistan. Conversely, the volatility of workers' remittances has a negative and significant effect on economic growth in Pakistan, Indian, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, but a negative but insignificant impact in Nepal. All sensitivity analyses confirm that the results are robust. A less volatile inflow of workers' remittances is growth‐enhancing for all countries. It is suggested that policy makers should make policies to reduce the transaction cost to welcome remittances into the region. Furthermore, countries like Pakistan should make the policies to discourage voluntary unemployment.
Policy Implications


This study show the positive effect of remittances on economic growth in India, Bangladesh, Sri‐Lanka and Nepal. These countries should create friendly policies to reduce the transaction cost to ensure the continuous inflows of workers' remittances.

Results indicate a negative effect of remittances on economic growth in Pakistan. Remittances are considered an uninterrupted source of income, which may increase voluntary unemployment, leading to decreased economic growth. The government should make policies to discourage this voluntary unemployment.

Policymakers should create effective systems to ensure this inflow comes through formal financial channels for better control.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between governance structure and tourism growth in China. This study examines the worldwide governance indicators' correlation with tourism development (TD) through the time and frequency approach. The sample used in this study covers the duration from 2002Q1–2019Q4; the connection among the variables under consideration, named corruption control, political stability and absence of violence/terrorism, the rule of law, voice and accountability and regulatory quality, is examined individually with respect to TD. The outcome of the study highlights the considerable importance of governance structure indicators in developing the tourism sector. Moreover, the results verify causal connections among the time‐series of the variables under consideration, pointing towards the dynamic nature of their influence. Based on the results, this study stresses the imperative role of government and authorities in improving the quality of governance. Moreover, governance indicators are crucial for economies as they portray the reputation and image of a country, therefore interesting international tourists and strengthening the tourism sector. Additionally, the results not just emphasize the significance of a strong governance structure but also call for a strategic plan which fosters TD in the upcoming years.