Suchergebnisse

Global identity reflects social identification with the world and the largest, most inclusive human ingroup and is generally associated with behavior that serves the world and all humans, such as transnational cooperation or proenvironmental engagement. While the outcomes of being globally identified are well‐established, the antecedents of global identity are only partially explored. Drawing from research suggesting that respect fosters identification in small groups, we argue that the general experience of being respected as an equal by others increases global identification. In an online study with 469 Germans (students and nonstudents), we tested the relation between equality‐based respect and global identification in a structural equation model, with proenvironmental intentions and donation behavior as outcome variables. As expected, equality‐based respect, but not other forms of social recognition (need‐based care and achievement‐based social esteem), predicted global identity while higher global identity, in turn, predicted proenvironmental activism. These effects were substantial beyond known predictors of proenvironmental behavior and thus suggest that equality‐based respect represents an important facet of responses to global challenges.

Europe has become a vivid example of intergroup dynamics with all the risks and chances it holds for peaceful and respectful co-existence. While Europe as a superordinate social category has the capability of solidarity between its subcategories (i.e., nations), negative emotions and behaviors among the countries' citizens have become more prevalent throughout the emerging crisis. This article aims to analyze the psychological outcomes (i.e., negative attitudes) following on from the structural and economic imbalances within the European Union. More precisely, we argue that political reactions towards the Euro crisis facilitated routes to nationalism and thereby fostered supremacy in a few countries. This perceived supremacy of some countries, in turn, legitimized negative reactions towards others. Based on predictions from a social identity perspective, we describe how these processes perpetuate themselves. We also suggest strategies that might prevent the idea of a common Europe from failing.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob der sogenannte Black Sheep Effect (BSE) darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass Informationen über Abweichler einer Eigengruppe im Vergleich zu Abweichlern einer Fremdgruppe systematischer verarbeitet werden. Dies ist anzunehmen, da die eigene Gruppe einen wichtigen Standard für die soziale Identität eines jeden Gruppenmitglieds darstellt. Diese tiefere Verarbeitung sollte schließlich zu stärkerer Abwertung des Eigengruppendevianten führen, da mit der tieferen Verarbeitung der Eigengruppeninformation auch stärker über die negativen Konsequenzen für die eigene soziale Identität nachgedacht wird. Entsprechend sind stärkere Maßnahmen notwendig, um die Eigengruppenpositivität aufrecht zu erhalten. In einer ersten Experimentalserie wurde gezeigt, dass Eigen- und Fremdgruppendevianz unterschiedlich verarbeitet werden, und diese unterschiedliche Verarbeitungsstrategien den BSE erklären können. Der zweite Teil der Dissertation fokussiert darauf, welchen Einfluss die Einschränkung kognitiver Ressourcen auf die Bewertung von Normabweichlern hat. Der Idee folgend, dass tiefere Informationsverarbeitung bei Eigengruppenabweichlern mit dessen stärkerer Abwertung einhergeht, sollte die Einschränkung kognitiver Ressourcen dazu führen, dass Individuen weniger systematisch verarbeiten, und damit Abweichler weniger abwerten. Eine Vorstudie sowie zwei weitere Experimente weisen auf einen solchen Prozess hin. Im letzten Experiment konnte schließlich gezeigt werden, dass allein die assoziative Nähe des Devianten zur eigenen Gruppe ausreicht, um den BSE auszulösen, und das dieser verschwindet, wenn es erschwert wird, eine solche assoziative Nähe aufzubauen. Abschließend werden die Befunde diskutiert, und Implikationen für die weitere Forschung im Rahmen des BSE aufgezeigt. Die vorgelegte Arbeit zeigt, dass der BSE nicht allein ein motivationales Phänomen ist, sondern stark von der Informationsverarbeitung der Gruppenmitglieder abhängt.

Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob der sogenannte Black Sheep Effect (BSE) darauf zurückzuführen ist, dass Informationen über Abweichler einer Eigengruppe im Vergleich zu Abweichlern einer Fremdgruppe systematischer verarbeitet werden. Dies ist anzunehmen, da die eigene Gruppe einen wichtigen Standard für die soziale Identität eines jeden Gruppenmitglieds darstellt. Diese tiefere Verarbeitung sollte schließlich zu stärkerer Abwertung des Eigengruppendevianten führen, da mit der tieferen Verarbeitung der Eigengruppeninformation auch stärker über die negativen Konsequenzen für die eigene soziale Identität nachgedacht wird. Entsprechend sind stärkere Maßnahmen notwendig, um die Eigengruppenpositivität aufrecht zu erhalten. In einer ersten Experimentalserie wurde gezeigt, dass Eigen- und Fremdgruppendevianz unterschiedlich verarbeitet werden, und diese unterschiedliche Verarbeitungsstrategien den BSE erklären können. Der zweite Teil der Dissertation fokussiert darauf, welchen Einfluss die Einschränkung kognitiver Ressourcen auf die Bewertung von Normabweichlern hat. Der Idee folgend, dass tiefere Informationsverarbeitung bei Eigengruppenabweichlern mit dessen stärkerer Abwertung einhergeht, sollte die Einschränkung kognitiver Ressourcen dazu führen, dass Individuen weniger systematisch verarbeiten, und damit Abweichler weniger abwerten. Eine Vorstudie sowie zwei weitere Experimente weisen auf einen solchen Prozess hin. Im letzten Experiment konnte schließlich gezeigt werden, dass allein die assoziative Nähe des Devianten zur eigenen Gruppe ausreicht, um den BSE auszulösen, und das dieser verschwindet, wenn es erschwert wird, eine solche assoziative Nähe aufzubauen. Abschließend werden die Befunde diskutiert, und Implikationen für die weitere Forschung im Rahmen des BSE aufgezeigt. Die vorgelegte Arbeit zeigt, dass der BSE nicht allein ein motivationales Phänomen ist, sondern stark von der Informationsverarbeitung der Gruppenmitglieder abhängt.

Part I: Globalization and Global Concern. Chapter 1. Globalization and Global Concern -- Chapter 2. Globalization, Culture, and Consumerism -- Part II: Psychology of Globalization: Basic Processes. Chapter 3. Consumer Identities, Consumer Selfhood, and the Stability of Consumer Societies -- Chapter 4. The Interplay Between Social Identities and Globalization -- Chapter 5. A Political Psychology of Responses to Globalization -- Chapter 6. Collective Action in a Global Context -- Part III: Issues in Depth. Chapter 7. Social Identity and Responses to Global Environmental Crises -- Chapter 8. Social Identity and the Challenges of Migration and Multiculturalism -- Part IV: Conclusion. Chapter 9. Psychology in the Nexus of Global Governance, Economies, and Sustainability.

Collective efforts of the world community are required to mitigate global climate change. Understanding oneself as part of this world community might be crucial for individual behavior change reducing carbon emissions. We examined whether a global identity (i.e., the identification with all humans and a concern for their well‐being) is related to self‐reported climate‐protective behavior in two studies. In a German quota sample (N = 498), global identity was positively related to the personal and societal relevance people attributed to the issue of climate change and self‐reported climate‐protective behavior directly and indirectly through personal and societal relevance attribution. In a U.K. quota sample (N = 400), global identity was positively related to the relevance people attributed to a received news text on climate change. Moreover, global identity was positively related to three observed indicators of climate‐protective behavioral intentions after reading the news text, either directly or indirectly through relevance attribution. These results affirm the importance of a social identity perspective on climate protection. We suggest that the causal effects of global identity and ways to promote its cultivation should be investigated in more depth in future research.

One of humanity's most pressing problems is the inequality between people from 'developed' and 'developing' countries, which counteracts joint efforts to combat other large scale problems. Little is known about the psychological antecedents that affect the perception of and behavioral responses to global inequality. Based on, and extending, Duckitt's dual-process model, the current research examines psychological antecedents that may explain how people in an industrialized Western country respond to global inequality. In two studies (N1 = 116, N2 = 117), we analyzed the relationship between the Big Five and justice constructs, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and behavioral intentions to reduce global inequality. Two-group path analysis revealed support for the dual-process model in that RWA and SDO were important predictors of behavioral intentions and partially acted as mediators between personality and such intentions. Moreover, justice sensitivity explained variance beyond the 'classic' DPM variables. In Study 2, we additionally assessed individuals' global social identification and perceived injustice of global inequality that explained additional variance. Extending previous work on the dual-process model, these findings demonstrate that individual and group-based processes predict people's responses to global inequality and uncover potentials to promote behavior in the interest of global justice. Adapted from the source document.

One of humanity's most pressing problems is the inequality between people from "developed" and "developing" countries, which counteracts joint efforts to combat other large scale problems. Little is known about the psychological antecedents that affect the perception of and behavioral responses to global inequality. Based on, and extending, Duckitt's dual‐process model, the current research examines psychological antecedents that may explain how people in an industrialized Western country respond to global inequality. In two studies (N1 = 116, N2 = 117), we analyzed the relationship between the Big Five and justice constructs, right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), social dominance orientation (SDO), and behavioral intentions to reduce global inequality. Two‐group path analysis revealed support for the dual‐process model in that RWA and SDO were important predictors of behavioral intentions and partially acted as mediators between personality and such intentions. Moreover, justice sensitivity explained variance beyond the "classic" DPM variables. In Study 2, we additionally assessed individuals' global social identification and perceived injustice of global inequality that explained additional variance. Extending previous work on the dual‐process model, these findings demonstrate that individual and group‐based processes predict people's responses to global inequality and uncover potentials to promote behavior in the interest of global justice.

The relation between developed and developing countries is characterized by inequalities that sometimes hinder actions against worldwide problems. The current research presents an intergroup approach, based on the ingroup projection model, towards an analysis of psychological processes that perpetuate global inequality on a social group level. Precisely, we argue that people from developed countries perceive their group as more prototypical for the world population than they perceive people from developing countries. These perceptions of ingroup prototypicality should in turn relate to legitimacy beliefs and predict unfavorable behavioral intentions towards developing countries. We present two studies that corroborate our hypotheses: In Study 1, participants from a developed country perceived their ingroup as more prototypical for the superordinate group (i.e., world population) than the outgroup (i.e., developing countries), which in turn was related to beliefs that global inequality is legitimate. This finding was replicated in Study 2, and the predicted effect of ingroup prototypicality on behavioral intentions was mediated by legitimacy beliefs. These findings demonstrate that intergroup processes can contribute to perpetuating global inequality.

We review psychological research on global human identification and citizenship, Thomas Paine's belief that "The world is my country, and all mankind are my brethren." In turn, we review the theoretical foundations that guided our work, research with measures that preceded our own, and our own work with our correlated scales. We review its foundations, its effects upon attitudes and behaviors, and how it might be enlarged. Global human identification and citizenship is related negatively to ethnocentrism, authoritarianism, the social dominance orientation, and self‐centeredness, but positively to dispositional empathy and the values of universalism, care, and justice. It is expressed in attitudes and behaviors that support human rights and work to reduce global suffering and inequalities. It is associated with greater global knowledge and with efforts to acquire that knowledge. Childrearing that emphasizes cross‐cultural exposure and awareness of others' suffering may promote global human identification and citizenship, as does education that encourages global mindedness. Environments that support global human identification also induce it, as does envisioning it as a moral ideal.