Suchergebnisse

The DIRESOC project is implemented by members of Irene network, composed of independent experts' organizations and individuals: universities, research centers, NGOs, trade unions, consultants etc. Their work is focused on the social and economic dimensions of corporate restructuring in Europe. WP1 - Literary review and experts' interviews. It's tasks are: to collect the existing data on the digitalisation in the 4 sectors between the EU countries and to explain the terms in which national debate on digitalisation and its impacts for labor markets and companies is formulated by different stakeholders. The first step of this WP is the literature review. The data source is mainly desk research: different policy of stakeholders's documents ( reports, position papers and so on), statistics, academic and managerial literature etc. Sectoral source should be used in order to give an overview of the specific situation in each of the 4 sectors to consider in research:Tourism, Financial services ( bank/insurance), Postal services (extended to delivery services) and Manufacturing industries. Each national case for WP1 include at least 12 interviews. The interviews are recorded and in some cases transcribed. Each partner country produces a national report analysing the data collected from the desk research and the interviews. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Since there is a professionalization trend (Wilensky, 1964), professional associations are one of the few cases of associations which membership is not in decline, namely according to the World Values Survey data from 2000s. Most professions need to be organized as associations to be able to exert influence over the political power and this influence becomes more important when the State attributes autonomy to these associations in order to regulate the profession and defend the public interest. These professional groups thus acquire a privileged relation with the State (Halliday, 1987). In Portugal, these professional associations are named professional public associations (PPAs), also known as professional Orders. These PPAs are entities of the indirect and autonomous administration of the State (Moreira, 2003). The system of professional regulation in Portugal belongs to the most common pattern of the European Continent, in which the professional associations have the monopoly of professional regulation (Moran and Wood, 2003). The ambiguity of interests defended, private or public, is a characteristic of these associations (Candler, 2000; Moreira, 2003). Therefore, many times, when contributing towards the control of work, of the market, etc., these professional associations are responsible for the collision of public interest with professional interest. In this sense, in our country, some PPAs were involved in polemic situations when they obstructed the adhesion of professionals whose graduation course was not recognized by the PPA, but had been homologated by the Government (Lusa, 2005). We can say that behind a professional association there is always a candidate to a PPA (Moreira, 2003). In this sense, some Portuguese associations entitle themselves association pro-Order, like the Pro-Order Association of Psychologists (Associação Pró-Ordem dos Psicólogos) and the Teachers Pro-Order Trade Union (Associação Sindical dos Professores Pró-ordem). Professional associations can, with effect, also be understood as a strategy of a group to strengthen its status (Selander in Burrage and Torstendahl, 1990). Recently we have observed a substantial increase in the number of professional groups that obtain the status of a PPA following an apparently discretionary criterion by the legislator (Rego in Freire, 2004). For instance some professional groups succeeded to obtain the public status, like economists, while others, even if acting in more public interest sensitive fields, took longer, like psychologists or nutritionists. As a result of the proliferation of PPAs, Law 6/2008 was recently published to regulate its creation and action. The law has established a formal procedure for all PPAs creation but did not bring new features in terms of these associations power, namely on professional regulation. The only new requirement for the creation of a PPA is the making of a previous study, apparently an indicative of the importance of technical and scientific nature of the PPA creation. In short, we may expect that the material resources of professional groups will be important in order to support the legal initiative, besides the change of their lobbying focus, which will be centred on the parliamentary political parties instead of the government. The aim of this paper is to present and analyse the before and after periods of recently developed Portuguese legislation designed to regulate professional associations, taking in account policy makers standpoints, namely parliamentary parties who have voted and enacted the Law 6/2008. This paper is the result of an ongoing project on professional associations' creation and it intends to discuss the impact of the new legal framework on the future strategies of professional groups.

This report was commissioned by PSI. In addition to an extensive literature review, the study finds its main sources in interviews and information gathered from trade union representatives from PSI-affiliated organizations in different public service sectors around the world, including in Africa (Burkina Faso, Morocco), Asia (South Korea, Singapore, India), North America (Canada, United States), South America (Argentina, Brazil) and Europe (Denmark, France, Germany, Norway, Spain, and the United Kingdom). The interviewees represent a wide range of public services from central administration and local and regional government to health and care services, hospitals, utilities, police, emergency services and education and cultural services. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Chapter 1Introduction -- Chapter 2Precarious work and possibilities of union resistance in Brazil -- Chapter 3How to represent the unrepresented? Renewing the collective action repertoires of autonomous workers in three countries -- Chapter 4Digitization and collective representation strategies in Spain -- Chapter 5The representation of precarious workers: two case studies from Portugal -- Chapter 6Work platforms, informality and forms of resistance: the case of on-demand workers in the city of São Paulo -- Chapter 7Gender representation in the high-tech sector in Italy: the required alliance between trade unions and women associations -- Chapter 8The representation of platform workers through Facebook groups in Bulgaria – a partially-filled void -- Chapter 9Conclusion.

This book compiles empirical evidence on both the challenges raised by neo-liberal policies and the internet to trade unions, and the development of more flexible forms of worker organisation and collective representation. The relationship with digital devices seems inevitably to contribute to differentiating trends, simultaneously acting as an internal and external constraint on organisation. Gathering academics and experts from European and Brazilian universities, this book is recommended for researchers and students in the fields of sociology of work, labour studies and collective action, as well as practitioners and others interested in worker interest organisations and collective representation in the early 21st Century. Raquel Rego is a Research Fellow at the Instituto de Ciencias Sociais from the Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal, where she also teaches both in the PhD Program of Sociology-OpenSoc and in the PhD Program of Comparative Politics and International Relations. Hermes Augusto Costa is Vice-Dean and Professor at the Faculty of Economics from the Universidade de Coimbra, and a Researcher at Centro de Estudos Sociais, Portugal. He co-coordinates the PhD Program in Sociology: Labour Relations, Social Inequalities and Trade Unionism.

The progress of modern societies towards future societies can follow multiple pathways, whose central axis are different bets on how to organize the resources of matter, energy and information for the benefit of those societies. One of them is the extensive use of information technology and scientific knowledge in all domains of living, principally in economic and social processes. It is reasonable to expect that a set of characteristics will develop and impact on the behavior patterns and socioeconomic and political features of these societies. An important thematic focus of this research consists in evaluating characteristics favorable to the elimination of unethical behavior, in terms of interpersonal and social relations, and specifically the corruption processes, in economy and politics, which are raging today in many societies. Concerns about the transparency of political, economic and social decisions are felt not only in the scientific, religious and cultural institutions, but begin to trigger specific behaviors in politics1. This study was moved by these concerns and attempted to achieve three conceptual and practical results: _ To evaluate the perceived characteristics of knowledge societies as effective barriers against corruption; _ To enlight with sufficient precision what people include in the concepts of corruption an transparency. _ To identify those features evaluated as most effective to control undesirable social behaviors associated with corruption. ; Korupcijos fenomenas įgavo tęstinį dėmesį socialinių mokslų ir elgesio tyrinėtojų atliekamuose tyrimuose. Manoma, kad šis susidomėjimas neabejotinai susijęs su gero valdymo ir sveikos ekonomikos santykiu. Teigiama, kad esant dideliam korupcinio elgesio padidėjimui, kyla ir susidomėjimas ja. Modernios visuomenės progresas ateities visuomenės link gali susidėti iš kelių trajektorijų, kurių centrinės ašys yra skirtingi matymai, kaip organizuoti materijos, energijos ir informacijos šaltinius šios visuomenės naudai. Vienas iš jų yra išplėtotas informacijos technologijų ir mokslo žinių naudojimas visose gyvenimo srityse, daugiausiai ekonomikoje ir socialiniuose procesuose. Pagrįsta tikėtis, kad tam tikrų charakteristikų rinkinys paveiks visuomenės elgesio modelį, socioekonomiką ir šios visuomenės požiūrį į politiką. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra neatsiejamas nuo charakteristikų, susijusių su neetiško elgesio pašalinimo įvertinimu tarpasmeninių ir socialinių santykių požiūriu. Ypač atkreiptinas dėmesys į korupcijos procesus ekonomikoje ir politikoje. Susirūpinimas politinių, ekonominių ir socialinių sprendimų skaidrumu jaučiamas ne tik mokslo, religijos ir kultūros institucijose, bet pradeda kelti įtarimų ir politikoje. Šiuo straipsniu siekiama suprasti, koks mastas ateities žinių visuomenės ypatybių (bruožų) gali sudaryti kliūtis korupciniam elgesiui. Įsipareigojimas padidinti skaidrumo lygį visuose gyvenimo procesuose bei to skaidrumo supratimą visuomenėje yra neginčijamas būdas kovoti su korupcija. Būtina siekti, kad įvairių sričių visuomenės lyderiai taip pat stiprintų naują požiūrį į skaidrumą ir būtų motyvuoti atitinkamai elgtis.

AbstractDespite the increasing interest and investment in whistle‐blowing regulations, policies, and mechanisms, people are still hesitant to report corruption. The existing literature explaining what deters people from reporting serious wrongdoing predominantly concentrates on either organisational factors or personal motivations. Only a limited number of studies integrate objective and subjective individual‐level constraints on whistle‐blowing. Using original survey data from Portugal, this article investigates two sets of individual‐level factors that explain the reluctance to report corruption: employment‐related characteristics (objective constraints) and perception‐based definitions of corruption (subjective constraints). A regression analysis of the survey data reveals that individuals working in the private sector are less inclined to report corruption compared to public officials. This finding underscores the significance of job security in influencing people's willingness to report corruption. The results also indicate that individuals with a minimalist definition of corruption, perceiving it solely as a legal offence, are more hesitant to report corruption. This finding supports the notion that whistle‐blowing policies should not be limited to reporting blatant legal violations instead of any suspected wrongdoing of corporate or public significance. Our study emphasises the need for whistle‐blowing policies to not only establish secure and visible mechanisms for reporting serious wrongdoing within organisations, but also to raise awareness of how social norms and job security can impact individuals' decisions to report such occurrences. This article contributes to whistle‐blowing and governance research by shedding light on how perception‐based definitions and judgements of corruption, as well as employment‐related factors, can influence individuals' willingness or unwillingness to report corruption.Points for practitioners
Job precariousness and limited understanding of corruption are two key factors that limit individuals' willingness to report corruption.
Policies and measures aimed at improving work conditions and ethical climate within organisations may be more effective in encouraging whistle‐blowing than solely improving formal reporting mechanisms.
Further research is needed to explore individual‐level factors for reporting corruption in different types of organisations and sectors, along with more specific information about whistle‐blowing policies and mechanisms.
Implementing effective whistle‐blowing policies and mechanisms requires not only adopting laws but also creating the institutional conditions and motivating individuals to report corruption, which may require commitment and contextual knowledge from top leadership.

In this paper, we argue that volunteering is an enabling environment for informal learning, and accordingly enhances employability. But, for volunteering to have an effective impact, there needs to be a bridge between volunteering and the labour market. In this sense, based on an empirical study, we present a soft skills matrix that enables the recognition of skills generated by volunteering.