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The author emphasizes the Carter Administration's recognition of the Persian Gulf as an area of vital American interest. Precipitated by the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the Carter Doctrine, in focusing on this region, represented a new departure as well as an extension of the Truman, Eisenhower, and Nixon policies, each of which had opposed Soviet penetration in various parts of the world. The Reagan Administration's involvement in Lebanon is seen as a further step in this process. (DÜI-Hns)