Suchergebnisse

THIS AUTHOR SUGGESTS THAT THE QUESTION OF HOW POLICIES ARE TRANSLATED FROM LAW INTO PRACTICE IS BOTH AN EXTREMELY IMPORTANT AND OFTEN NEGLECTED ONE. AN IMPORTANT PART OF THIS PROCESS IS THE FORMULATION OF GUIDELINES BY THE RELEVANT ADMINISTRATIVE BODY, YET THE LITERATURE ON GUIDELINE WRITING IS QUITE SPARSE. THIS ARTICLE SUGGESTS REASONS FOR THIS PROBLEM AND FUTURE ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS.

An examination of public employment and expenditure data for 17 OECD countries for the period 1963-1983 reveals decelerating growth in public employment after 1970, whereas expenditure growth rates have been accelerating. Two contrary tendencies in public sector employment since the early 1970s are apparent: a general decline in goods and market services, and a significant increase in communal and social services. (Abstract amended)

Decentralised health services form a key part of chronic care strategies in resource-limited settings by reducing the distance between patient and clinic and thereby the time and costs involved in travelling. However, few tools exist to evaluate the impact of decentralisation on patient travel time or what proportion of patients attend their nearest clinic. Here we develop methods to monitor changes in travel time, using data from the antiretroviral therapy (ART) roll-out in a rural district in North Malawi. ; Journal Article ; SCOPUS: ar.j ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

ABSTRACT Community service activities have been carried out by a team of lecturers from the Postgraduate Program in Aipiri to identify regional potential and human resource potential. The activity was carried out at the village hall which was followed by field visits to both residents' houses and agricultural land, forestry and the sea. Sampling of respondents was carried out randomly by considering the ownership of the resources owned. The results show that there are two existing agricultural conditions, namely 1) Agricultural Conditions at an Altitude > 10 m with green bean plants dominant; 2). The altitude of the place is 6 m above sea level (residential settlement) with flower plants, vegetables and plant sources of carbohydrates, areca nut and betel. The forest area is included in the tropical forest, 75% is natural forest and 25% is artificial forest. Livestock developed by the community in Aipiri are pigs with more males than females. Fisheries activities in Aipiri are still in the form of traditional activities. The fishing grounds for fishermen only reach the waters in front of the village, using rowboats without motors. The people who inhabit Aipiri are grouped into heterogeneous communities because there has been an assimilation of various ethnicities, including the Biak, Serui, MPur, Javanese, Wandamen and Meyah ethnic groups. The social interaction that exists between community members is manifested through government, spiritual, economic, and educational activities. Aipiri is located on the northern coast of Bird's Head which is directly adjacent to the Pacific Ocean. Keywords: Aipiri; Human resources; Potential; Natural resources ABSTRAK Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat telah dilakukan oleh tim dosen Program Pascasarjana di kampung Aipiri untuk mengidentifikasi potensi wilayah dan potensi sumberdaya manusia. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di balai Desa yang dilanjutkan dengan kunjungan lapang baik di rumah-rumah warga maupun lahan pertanian, Kehutanan maupun laut. Pengambilan sampel responden ...

BACKGROUND: To mitigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission risks from international air travellers, many countries implemented a combination of up to 14 days of self-quarantine upon arrival plus PCR testing in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. AIM: To assess the effectiveness of quarantine and testing of international travellers to reduce risk of onward SARS-CoV-2 transmission into a destination country in the pre-COVID-19 vaccination era. METHODS: We used a simulation model of air travellers arriving in the United Kingdom from the European Union or the United States, incorporating timing of infection stages while varying quarantine duration and timing and number of PCR tests. RESULTS: Quarantine upon arrival with a PCR test on day 7 plus a 1-day delay for results can reduce the number of infectious arriving travellers released into the community by a median 94% (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 89–98) compared with a no quarantine/no test scenario. This reduction is similar to that achieved by a 14-day quarantine period (median > 99%; 95% UI: 98–100). Even shorter quarantine periods can prevent a substantial amount of transmission; all strategies in which travellers spend at least 5 days (mean incubation period) in quarantine and have at least one negative test before release are highly effective (median reduction 89%; 95% UI: 83–95)). CONCLUSION: The effect of different screening strategies impacts asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals differently. The choice of an optimal quarantine and testing strategy for unvaccinated air travellers may vary based on the number of possible imported infections relative to domestic incidence.