Suchergebnisse

Digital transformation has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, it affects almost all areas of social and economic life. As a cross-cutting issue and solution to specific challenges, it is also increasingly the subject of initiatives at EU level. Since 2015, the EU has developed a comprehensive digital agenda that involves various areas, ranging from the single market to foreign and security policy. The paper traces the dynamic development on the basis of strategy documents and policy guidelines in three phases with a focus on 2020 and 2021. It takes stock of the EU's overarching strategy towards digitalisation by examining what the EU understands by it, what its goals are, and what role it draws for itself in shaping the digital transformation. The study shows that the EU tries to grasp digitalisation in a substantial number of policy-specific strategies and guidelines, using mainly four patterns of interpretation – partly in parallel – which differ in terms of geopolitical, environmental, socio-political and economic policy framing. ; Horizon 2020 MSCA-RISE, Grant Agreement #873119

This dissertation examines the evolution of infectious disease control in the European Union (EU). The overarching objective of the research is to analyse policy and polity developments at the EU level primarily in the fields of public health and food safety in order to identify key developments between 1993 and 2014 and to investigate the conditions under which institutionalisation took place. The study approaches the field from a security perspective which is developed as an original advancement of the 'securitisation framework for analysis' (Buzan et al., 1998). Following the hypothesis that the institutionalisation of infectious disease control in the EU can be explained as an effect of a specific construction of infectious diseases as security threats, securitisation and institutionalisation processes at the EU level are tied together in a novel analytic and explanatory framework. The framework foresees the combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods in order to allow for a specification of the form of securitisation of an infectious disease along different 'degrees' and 'kinds'. The assumed connection between securitisation and institutionalisation is subject to empirical investigation in two case studies that deal with the securitisation of BSE/TSEs and SARS on the one hand, and a set of most fundamental changes in the EU's infectious disease control structures on the other, including the revision of the public health article in the Amsterdam Treaty (1997) and the Constitutional Treaty (2004) as well as the creation of the European Food Safety Authority (2002) and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (2004). In this way the dissertation offers new insights into a largely unstudied field of European integration in combination with the development and testing of a novel conceptual approach.

This open access book explores the new complexities and ambiguities that epitomize EU-Turkey relations. With a strong focus on the developments in the last decade, the book provides full access to a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted relationship through three entry points: (1) Theories and Concepts, (2) Institutions, and (3) Policies. Part I brings together complementary and competing analytical approaches to study the evolution of EU-Turkey relations, ranging from traditional integration theories to novel concepts. Part II investigates the institutional machinery of EU-Turkey relations by analyzing the roles and perspectives of the European Council, the European Commission, and the European Parliament. Part III offers analyses of the policies most relevant for the relationship: enlargement policy, trade and macroeconomic policies, foreign and security policy, migration and asylum policies, and energy policy. In Part IV, the volume closes with a systematic survey of the conditions under which cooperative trends in EU-Turkey relations could be (re)invigorated. The systematic setup and the balanced combination of distinguished experts from EU- and Turkey-based institutions make this book a fundamental reading for students, researchers, lecturers, and practitioners of EU-Turkey relations, European integration and Turkish foreign policy.

Chapter 1. Unpacking the New Complexities of EU-Turkey Relations: Merging Theories, Institutions, and Policies -- Part 1: Theories and Concepts -- Chapter 2. Neoliberalism, Liberal Intergovernmentalism and EU-Turkey Relations -- Chapter 3. Constructivist Approaches to EU-Turkey Relations -- Chapter 4. Historical Institutionalism and EU-Turkey Relations: Path Dependence and Critical Junctures in the Accession Process -- Chapter 5. Europeanization and EU-Turkey Relations: Three Domains, Four Periods -- Chapter 6. Rhetorical Entrapment in EU-Turkey Relations -- Chapter 7. Differentiated Integration: An Alternative Conceptualization of EU-Turkey Relations -- Part 2: Institutions -- Chapter 8. The European Council as a Key Driver of EU-Turkey Relations: Central Functions Internal Dynamics and Evolving Preferences -- Chapter 9. The European Commusion's Role in EU-Turkey Relations -- Chapter 10. The European Parliament's Perspective on EU-Turkey Relations -- Part 3: policies -- Chapter 11. Turkey as a Special and (Almost) Dead Case of EU Enlargement Policy -- Chapter 12. The EU as an Anchor for Turkey's Macroeconomic and Trade Policy -- Chapter 13. From Convergence to Divergence: The Compatibility of Turkish and EU Foreign Policy -- Chapter 14. Europeanization and De-Europeanization of Turkish Asylum and Migration Policies -- Chapter 15. EU-Turkey Energy Dialogue: Moving Beyond the Accession Negotiations Framework -- Part 4: Conclusion -- Chapter 16. Current Trends and Future Prospects for EU-Turkey Relations: Conditions for a Cooperative Relationship.

Cet article présente une vue d'ensemble des caractéristiques de la désinformation à l'ère numérique, décrit l'évolution des efforts déployés par l'UE pour lutter contre la désinformation et fournit une analyse globale de l'approche de sa gouvernance en termes de politiques, d'acteurs et d'instruments politiques. Sur cette base, nous analysons sa compatibilité avec la quête de souveraineté numérique de l'UE. Les principales conclusions sont que l'UE a maintenu une approche particulièrement stable en combinant des instruments souples et fermes dans un cadre de corégulation qui implique des acteurs privés et publics. Nous concluons que l'interaction entre la nature de la désinformation, la configuration des grandes plateformes en ligne, la réglementation de l'UE et l'exposition aux influences étrangères crée un ensemble complexe de facteurs concurrents qui facilitent et brident la souveraineté numérique.