Suchergebnisse

The aim of the paper is to discuss introduction of New Public Management (NPM) ideas in Latvian public administration after 1990 in the context of policy transfer. Since, policy transfer concept includes a wide scope of actors involved, the paper will concentrate upon politicians and elected officials. Politicians are the only actors in policy transfer who can decide to transfer entire policies. In this respect, the motivation of politicians imposed by external and internal constraints to use policy transfer is relevant. In order to explore scope of policy transfer utilised during administrative transformation in Latvia, the author will analyse governmental declarations and the activities performed as the main source describing governmental commitments. ; Viešosios politikos raidos kontekste straipsnyje analizuojamos naujosios viešosios vadybos įgyvendinimo Latvijos viešajame administravime ypatybės. Akcentuojant, kad viešosios politikos transformacijas lemia daugelis veikėjų, straipsnyje daugiausia dėmesio skiriama Latvijos aukščiausiųjų valdžios institucijų politikų ir išrinktų valstybės tarnautojų veiklai tirti. Politikai yra vieninteliai veikėjai politinių transformacijų metu lemiantys politikos kryptis. Politikų motyvacija apspręsta vidinių ir išorinių spaudimų yra svarbi politikos transformacijos laikotarpiu. Siekiant išanalizuoti politikos transformacijas Latvijos administravimo transformacijų kontekste autorė analizuoja valdžios deklaracijas ir veiklą kaip pagrindinį šaltinį, atspindintį valdžios veiklos kryptį.

This article discusses the development of regional policies in two countries, Latvia and Norway. The aim is to present how these policies have evolved and can be understood with the application of complexity theory as a common theoretical framework for analysis. Even though Latvia and Norway have quite different experiences in regional development policy, both have tried to react to modern challenges of globalization and demographic changes by using general theories and concepts of economic and social development. Differences and similarities between the two countries are high-lighted by a review of studies from Latvia and Norway that describes the variety of policies that can be applied for regional development. Regional policy in both countries has coalesced around support for local initiative and entrepreneurship. ; Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos dviejų šalių, Latvijos ir Norvegijos regioninių politikų vystymas. Tikslas – pristatyti šių politikų raidą ir supratimą kompleksiškumo teorijos, kaip analizės teorinio pagrindo, kontekste. Nors Latvija ir Norvegija turi gana skirtingą regioninės politikos vystymo patirtį, tačiau šioms valstybėms tenka reaguoti į šiuolaikinius globalizacijos iššūkius ir demografinius pokyčius, naudojant bendras teorijas bei ekonominio ir socialinio vystymo gaires. Dviejų šalių skirtumai ir panašumai yra išskiriami atlikus Latvijos ir Norvegijos analizę, kurioje apibūdinama politikos, taikomos regioniniam vystymui, įvairovė. Regioninė politika šiose šalyse vystoma remiantis vietinio iniciatyvumo ir verslumo skatinimu.

The article analyses the relationship between citizens' trust in local government institutions and participation in local governance. The research results have revealed that citizens' trust in local government is still low and participation lacks activeness. Civic participation is more active than political participation. According to the research results, the main reasons of absence of participation in local governance are lack of information and knowledge about public participation, lack of information about participation opportunities, lack of communication and response to expressed opinion and suggestions. The results of quantitative research showed that participation and trust dimensions are related. Absence of clear communication and response to citizens expressed opinion and suggestions causes distrust and lower participation. However, the research revealed the weak relationship between the trust in local government and participation in local governance. This fact requires further research.

The article analyses the relationship between citizens' trust in local government institutions and participation in local governance. The research results have revealed that citizens' trust in local government is still low and participation lacks activeness. Civic participation is more active than political participation. According to the research results, the main reasons of absence of participation in local governance are lack of information and knowledge about public participation, lack of information about participation opportunities, lack of communication and response to expressed opinion and suggestions. The results of quantitative research showed that participation and trust dimensions are related. Absence of clear communication and response to citizens expressed opinion and suggestions causes distrust and lower participation. However, the research revealed the weak relationship between the trust in local government and participation in local governance. This fact requires further research.

The article analyses the relationship between citizens' trust in local government institutions and participation in local governance. The research results have revealed that citizens' trust in local government is still low and participation lacks activeness. Civic participation is more active than political participation. According to the research results, the main reasons of absence of participation in local governance are lack of information and knowledge about public participation, lack of information about participation opportunities, lack of communication and response to expressed opinion and suggestions. The results of quantitative research showed that participation and trust dimensions are related. Absence of clear communication and response to citizens expressed opinion and suggestions causes distrust and lower participation. However, the research revealed the weak relationship between the trust in local government and participation in local governance. This fact requires further research.

The article analyses the relationship between citizens' trust in local government institutions and participation in local governance. The research results have revealed that citizens' trust in local government is still low and participation lacks activeness. Civic participation is more active than political participation. According to the research results, the main reasons of absence of participation in local governance are lack of information and knowledge about public participation, lack of information about participation opportunities, lack of communication and response to expressed opinion and suggestions. The results of quantitative research showed that participation and trust dimensions are related. Absence of clear communication and response to citizens expressed opinion and suggestions causes distrust and lower participation. However, the research revealed the weak relationship between the trust in local government and participation in local governance. This fact requires further research.

Having performed literary analysis, the aspects of improvement of local self-government in the context of new public governance have been theoretically substantiated. Referring to theoretical insights, the provisions of programmes of the biggest political parties of the Republic of Lithuania related to local self-government have been analysed covering period from December 12, 2012 to March 31, 2014. In addition, the agendas and reports of the meetings of the Government of the Republic of Lithuania have been analysed in order to determine main tendencies of improvement of local self-government that receive biggest attention from the political parties in decision making process. The research has shown that improvement of local self-government in the programmes of political parties is oriented to 4 tendencies: 1) independence/autonomy; 2) strengthening of democracy and civil society; 3) improvement of governance; 4) quality of public sector services. In the agendas of the meetings of Government of the Republic of Lithuania mainly the issues related to efficiency, effectiveness, legitimacy of local self-government, strengthening of abilities of civil servants have been analysed.

The implementation of austerity measures presents a dilemma for governments. While austerity measures such as cutbacks aim to reduce costs and enhance public sector efficiency, the same measures might undermine the motivation of employees and, consequently, the prospects of effectively implementing austerity programmes. Based on a survey of ministerial officials in Poland and Latvia, this article finds that the scale of cutbacks explains a larger decline of staff motivation in Latvia than in Poland. The article further shows that motivation was more likely to decrease after the crisis if austerity measures involved cutbacks such as staff reductions, recruitment freezes, and a reduction of training opportunities.

The article analyses aspects of the cross-sector partnership of NGO and business actualizing the context of the governance dimension and collaborative value creation. The theoretical part of this article revealed the formal (contractual) and informal (relational) governance mechanisms, which influence the behaviour of partners in the cross-sector partnership. Moreover, the research presented organizational and partnership perspectives of the governance in cross-sector partnerships. The case study strategy was applied to conduct empirical research in Lithuania. It was found out that value creation based on collaboration in cross-sector partnership is influenced by partnership context that consists of macro and mezzo stimulating and limiting factors, characteristics of NGO and business organization, selection of a proper partner as well as formal and informal mechanisms of partnership governance.

There is presented and shortly evaluated in the article the basic development of public administration in Central and Eastern European countries by indicating the most important stages of modernization in the light of prevailing theoretical paradigms. The authors identify three main stages – traditional public administration, New Public Management and New Public Governance, which are sometimes interrelated or contradicting to each other at the same time. New Public Governance is the most wan-ted and admired paradigm in Central and Eastern Europe, especially because of its social attractiveness and sensitivity, but it is still lacking more certain methods and tools to be implemented in practice. New Public Management, because of its capitalist entrepreneurship spirit, only partially changed public administration model. It was not an excellent model of reform, that's why it is possible to point to NPM as socially irresponsible reform of the public sector. At the same time the principles of New Public Governance are orientated not only to the participation of citizens and citizens' groups, but also to the development of social welfare, social quality, social responsibility and social justice. These are the values, which are most necessary to overcome the side effects of modernization. It is possible to draw a conclusion about this article, that by developing and presenting the more progressive principles and values of NPG, such as openness, transparency, social justice, social quality, absence of corruption and more active non-governmental organisations, Central and Eastern European countries could achieve more stable democratic development, as well as elimination or minimization of the negative impact of New Public Management for various spheres of public sector's reforms.

There is presented and shortly evaluated in the article the basic development of public administration in Central and Eastern European countries by indicating the most important stages of modernization in the light of prevailing theoretical paradigms. The authors identify three main stages – traditional public administration, New Public Management and New Public Governance, which are sometimes interrelated or contradicting to each other at the same time. New Public Governance is the most wanted and admired paradigm in Central and Eastern Europe, especially because of its social attractiveness and sensitivity, but it is still lacking more certain methods and tools to be implemented in practice. New Public Management, because of its capitalist entrepreneurship spirit, only partially changed public administration model. It was not an excellent model of reform, that's why it is possible to point to NPM as socially irresponsible reform of the public sector. At the same time the principles of New Public Governance are orientated not only to the participation of citizens and citizens' groups, but also to the development of social welfare, social quality, social responsibility and social justice. These are the values, which are most necessary to overcome the side effects of modernization. It is possible to draw a conclusion about this article, that by developing and presenting the more progressive principles and values of NPG, such as openness, transparency, social justice, social quality, absence of corruption and more active non-governmental organisations, Central and Eastern European countries could achieve more stable democratic development, as well as elimination or minimization of the negative impact of New Public Management for various spheres of public sector's reforms.KEYWORDS: hierarchical (Weberian) traditional public administration, New Public Management, New Public Governance, modernization.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/tbb.v85i2.2187