Suchergebnisse

UID/CPO/04627/2013 PD/BD/106023/2014 ; Skilled immigration has been playing an increasingly central role in the European policies. One of the purposes is to solve the shortage of skilled human resources as well as cope with the demographic challenges. However, several observations in the European context, including third country nationals and individuals born in Eastern Europe, continue to signal obstacles in the recognition of professional qualifications and skills of migrant workers, their underutilization in the labour market and the existence of wage differentials. The professional qualifications and skills attained by migrants, in the country of origin, are simultaneously an element of economic empowerment and distinction. Their formal and informal recognition, or non-recognition, can influence the results obtained not only in accessing the labour market, but also within the market itself. In this sense, recognition, acts as a mechanism that guides immigrants to the different segments of the labour market. In this research we focus on the Portuguese case, since scarcer scientific attention has been given to skilled migrants from peripheral pre-enlargement countries. Recently conducted studies about Portuguese skilled emigrants, particularly on nursing professionals, suggest disparities in status and wages when compared to natives. How to explain these differences? What are the underlying factors and mechanisms? How do they interact? What's the degree of influence of institutional, organizational and social contexts? To answer these questions we adopt an interdisciplinary and a multilevel approach, thus contributing to highlight the articulations of the various factors and mechanisms that produce inequality, between migrants and natives, in the labour market. ; publishersversion ; published

UID/CPO/04627/2013 PD/BD/106023/2014 ; Over the last decades' various European healthcare systems have relied, to a greater or lesser extent, on the international recruitment of health professionals. After the European Union enlargement to the East and the outbreak of the financial and economic crisis, that has affected with particular severity the semiperipheral and peripheral countries, there has been a reconfiguration of these flows. The proportion of nursing professionals moving to, and registering in, another EU country has increased steadily. The information available suggests that this phenomenon has particular expression among Portuguese nurses, despite the needs of human resources in the national health system. Recently conducted studies about Portuguese skilled emigrants, particularly on nursing professionals, unveil disparities in status and earnings when compared to domestic health workforce. Other researches on the European context also showed compelling evidence that migrant nursing professionals experience inadequate support, unfavourable work conditions, face greater risk of performing tasks below their skill level and have fewer opportunities of career development and promotion. These results challenge the principle of nondiscriminatory treatment of workers and suggest that the skills and knowledge of foreign trained nurses are often wasted in the health systems. How to explain these inferences? What are the underlying factors and mechanisms? How do they interact? What's the degree of influence of institutional, organizational and social contexts? To answer these questions, we propose a multilevel approach, thus contributing to highlight the articulations of the various factors and mechanisms that produce inequality, between migrants and natives, in the labour market. ; publishersversion ; published

UID/CPO/04627/2013 PD/BD/106023/2014 ; In the last decades the European Union has been very active in creating legal apparatus and mechanisms to enhance intra-european labour mobility, to further establish a single labour market and to achieve the EU2020 goals of smart and inclusive growth. However, several constraints of political, legal, administrative and practical nature continue to hinder the mobility of workers and the recognition of their professional qualifications. Professional qualifications are an element of economic empowerment and distinction. Recognition is a mechanism of regulating, and ordering the access to the labour market. Therefore, formal and informal recognition of professional qualifications, or their non-recognition, influences migrants' access to the labour market, but also the migrants' position within the market itself. Numerous observations on the European Union context, that included third country nationals and Eastern Europeans, continue to show the underutilization of skilled migrant workers and the existence of wage differentials. Similarly, recently conducted studies about Portuguese skilled emigrants, particularly on nursing professionals, suggest disparities in status and earnings when compared to natives. These results challenge the principle of nondiscriminatory treatment of workers and disclose the phenomenon of labour market segmentation. To cope with this issue it's relevant not only to identify the degree of influence of institutional, organizational and social contexts in the formal, and informal, recognition processes of professional qualifications, but also to understand its underlying factors and mechanisms. In this research, we focus on the case of Portuguese nursing professionals. In this research we adopt a multilevel approach, thus contributing to highlight the articulations of the various factors and mechanisms that produce inequality, between migrants and natives, in the labour market. ; publishersversion ; published

<p>Este artigo compara o sistema público de financiamento da cultura do Brasil e dos Estados Unidos. Além do exame dos mecanismos de financiamento existentes, o trabalho analisa os principais investimentos públicos realizados nos últimos anos pelo Ministério da Cultura brasileiro e pelo<em>National Endowment for the Arts</em>. </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Financiamento Cultural, Brasil, Estados Unidos<strong>.</strong></p>

Resumo: As políticas culturais dos governos geralmente acompanham o período de uma determinada gestão, sem previsão de continuidade após a mudança dos dirigentes públicos. Os governos brasileiro e colombiano apresentam experiências que contrapõem esta realidade, propondo Planos Nacionais de Cultura (PNC) com vigência decenal. Esse trabalho propõe um estudo comparativo entre estes planos, buscando identificar similaridades e divergências a partir de análises envolvendo o processo de formulação dessas políticas, a estrutura final dos documentos e os conteúdos apresentados.
Palavras-chave: Políticas Culturais; Planos Nacionais de Cultura; Brasil; Colômbia.

Abstract: The cultural policies of governments usually accompany the period of a particular management without forecasting of continuity after the change of public administrators. Brazilian and Colombian governments have experiences that contradict this reality, proposing National Plans of Culture lasting ten years. This work proposes a comparative study of these plans in order to identify similarities and differences from analyzes involving the process of policy formulation, the final structure of documents and the contents.
Keywords: Cultural Policy; National Plans of Culture; Brazil; Colombia.

Resumo: No horizonte vislumbra-se algo da cosmopolítica feita pelos índios diante do primeiro e do atual Antropoceno, a partir de um momento etnográfico, especialmente, com os filmes e fotos antigos e atuais feitos entre os índios Apyãwa (Tapirapé) e Iny (Javaé, Karajá e Ixybiòwa) situados na Amazônia.Destes encontros, algumas perguntas sobre minha posição multissituada (Hannerz, 2003) ao estudar sobremaneira com materiais audiovisuais feitos por indígenas e não-indígenas.Neste ínterim, as questões tangenciam com os dilemas postos pelo Antropoceno e vivenciados pelos povos indígenas em terra brasilis quando enfrentam cotidianamente situações de genocídio e etnocídio, de não reconhecimento de seus modos de vida devido à falta de efetivação de políticas públicas relacionadas com a preservação de seus territórios tradicionais (PNGATI), consequentemente da biodiversidade e de um meio ambiente equilibrado. Disto, algumas notas etnológicas de uma possível tradução das visualidades indígenas, sobretudo, entre os índios Apyãwa, como um modo singular de cosmopolítica.Palavras-chave: Apyãwa. Antropoceno. Cosmopolítica. Imagem. Iny IS THERE ON THE HORIZON AN INDIGENOUS COSMOPOLITICS IN THE FACE OF THE ANTHROPOCENE OR THE CAPITALOCENE? Abstract: On the horizon, some of the cosmopolitics made by the Indians before the first and the current Anthropocene can be seen from an ethnographic research, especially with the ancient and current films and photos made among the Apyãwa (Tapirapé) Indians, located in the Amazonia. Of these meetings, some questions about my position multi-site (Hannerz, 2003) when studying extensively with audiovisual materials made by indigenous peoples and non-indigenous. In the meantime, the issues touch on the dilemmas posed by the Anthropocene and experienced by indigenous peoples on Brazilian soil when they face daily situations of genocide and ethnocide, non-recognition of their ways of life due to the lack of effective public policies related to preservation of their traditional territories (PNGATI), as a consequence of biodiversity and a balanced environment. From this, some ethnological notes of a possible translation of the indigenous visuals, especially among the Apyãwa Indians, as a unique mode of cosmopolitic.Keywords: Apyãwa. Anthropocene. Image. Cosmopolitic. Iny

Perante a intensificação da mobilidade nas sociedades contemporâneas e os novos comportamentos e hábitos de consumo, os territórios rurais de baixa densidade emergem como destinos turísticos alternativos e de diferenciação para o desenvolvimento de atividades turísticas e de lazer. A partir de dados recolhidos com questionários e focus group, este artigo pretende evidenciar formas de mobilidade voluntária em que se envolvem os consumidores urbanos, na busca de experiências turísticas, como o crescente interesse pelos destinos do interior – as Aldeias Históricas de Portugal –, e ilustrar as perceções dos residentes sobre as alterações na vida das comunidades.Os resultados obtidos revelam que o destino é espaço de refúgio para curtos períodos de lazer e turismo em contacto com os recursos históricos – arquitetónicos e culturais – por parte dos visitantes. As perceções dos impactes destas novas incursões divergem em cada aldeia segundo o tipo de interação entre visitantes e residentes.

Apresentação do dossiê Políticas Culturais Comparadas.

Cecropia are pioneer successional trees frequently associated with ants. Generally a single dominant colony of Azteca ant inhabits each mature Cecropia tree, but other ant species may be found living or foraging on the same tree. In this study, we assessed the diversity of ant species on Cecropia pachystachya trees in two sites in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: a dust-free roadside and a dusty roadside. We also investigated the influence of tree architecture on ant species richness. We found a total of 24 ant species distributed in 11 genera and five subfamilies on C. pachystachya trees; 18 in the dust-free roadside and 14 in the dusty roadside. We found up to five ant species on a single tree, but only Azteca alfari was frequently encountered. Ant species richness per tree did not differ significantly between sites and was related to tree architectural traits. On the other hand, ant species composition on trees differed significantly between sites. Our study indicates that heavy dust deposition on Cecropia trees may affect associated ant communities, not by changing ant species richness, but by causing different species to live and forage on trees under different dust exposure.