Suchergebnisse

On 5 November 2020 Mexico ratified the socalled Escazú Agreement, a treaty between Latin American and Caribbean states on establishing regional transparency and environment standards, as the eleventh country to do so. The prescribed quorum of ratifications has thus been attained, and the agreement can come into force in 2021. This will launch an innovative multilateral instrument that is intended to create more citizen participation and improve the assertion of citizens' rights in environmental matters. In Latin America, economic interests dominate when it comes to the exploitation of raw materials; furthermore, there is a large number of conflicts over resources. The agreement thus offers affected indigenous tribes and humanrights defenders more opportunities for information, participation and access to the justice system in environmental matters. Despite this binding first step, some leading countries in the region have so far failed to ratify the agreement. Many of them are reluctant to join, arguing that certain provisions violate their national sovereignty and their freedom of decision. For Germany and Europe, the agreement offers new leverage for drafting supply chain laws.

Am 5. November 2020 ratifizierte Mexiko als elfter Staat das sogenannte Escazú-Abkommen, eine Vereinbarung der Staaten Lateinamerikas und der Karibik zur Etablierung regionaler Transparenz- und Umweltstandards. Da somit die vorgegebene Mindestzahl an Ratifikationen erreicht worden ist, kann das Abkommen im Jahr 2021 in Kraft treten. Dadurch wurde ein innovatives multilaterales Instrument geschaffen, das für mehr Bürgerbeteiligung und eine bessere Durchsetzung von Bürgerrechten in Umweltbelangen sorgen soll. In Lateinamerika sind wirtschaftliche Interessen an der Ausbeutung von Rohstoffen dominant, außerdem gibt es eine hohe Zahl an Ressourcenkonflikten. Vor diesem Hintergrund eröffnet das Abkommen betroffenen indigenen Völkern und Verteidigern von Menschenrechten in Umweltbelangen neue Möglichkeiten der Information, Partizipation und des Zugangs zum Justizwesen. Trotz dieses ersten verbindlichen Schritts nach vorne fehlen noch die Ratifizierungen maßgeblicher Staaten der Region. Viele von ihnen wollen dem Abkommen gegenwärtig nicht beitreten, da sie ihre nationale Souveränität und Entscheidungsfreiheit durch Vertragsbestimmungen verletzt sehen. Deutschland und Europa bietet das Abkommen neue Ansatzpunkte bei der Formulierung von Lieferkettengesetzen.

Als Folge der Energiewende und der Digitalisierung steigt die Nachfrage nach Roh­stoffen drastisch. Gleichzeitig ist die Situation auf den Rohstoffmärkten wegen des Krieges in der Ukraine in besonderem Maße angespannt, Lieferengpässe sind möglich. Vor diesem Hintergrund sind die vierte Liste kritischer Rohstoffe und der Aktionsplan zur Förderung resilienter Rohstofflieferketten, beide von der EU-Kommission im September 2020 veröffentlicht, von großer politischer Bedeutung. Sogenannte kritische Rohstoffe spielen eine wichtige Rolle für die Wirtschaft der Europäischen Union (EU), sind aber zugleich mit einem hohen Lieferrisiko behaftet. Die hier bespro­chenen Beiträge hinterfragen, inwieweit die Ziele der EU-Politik zu kritischen Roh­stoffen mit anderen ihrer Ziele kohärent sind. Diskutiert werden außerdem die Gestal­tung zwischenstaatlicher Zusammenarbeit im Rohstoffsektor und die Rolle der EU-Mitgliedstaaten. Offensichtlich wird dabei die geopolitische Bedeutung kritischer Rohstoffe für europäische Zukunftsprojekte. Das gilt umso mehr in Anbetracht der aktuellen Debatte über die Energieunabhängigkeit von Russland. (Autorenreferat)

As a result of the energy transition and digitalisation, the demand for raw materials is increasing drastically. At the same time, the raw materials markets are particularly tense due to the war in Ukraine and supply shortages are possible. Against this back­drop, the European Commission's fourth list of critical raw materials and its action plan to promote resilient raw material supply chains, both published in September 2020, are of great political importance. So-called critical raw materials play an impor­tant role in the economy of the European Union (EU) but are also subject to a high supply risk. This journal review examines questions about the extent to which the objectives of the EU's policy on critical raw materials are compatible with its other aims. It also discusses how intergovernmental cooperation in the extractive sector is practiced and the role of EU member states in the process. Ultimately, it also explores the geopolitical importance of critical raw materials for European projects for the future, a topic that has become all the more pertinent in view of the current debate on achieving energy independence from Russia. (author's abstract)

On 5 November 2020 Mexico ratified the so-called Escazú Agreement, a treaty between Latin American and Caribbean states on establishing regional transparency and en­viron­­ment standards, as the eleventh country to do so. The prescribed quorum of ratifications has thus been attained, and the agreement can come into force in 2021. This will launch an innovative multilateral instrument that is intended to create more citizen par­ticipation and improve the assertion of citizens' rights in environmental matters. In Latin America, economic interests dominate when it comes to the exploitation of raw materials; furthermore, there is a large number of conflicts over resources. The agree­ment thus offers affected indigenous tribes and human-rights defenders more oppor­tu­nities for information, participation and access to the justice system in environmen­tal matters. Despite this binding first step, some leading countries in the region have so far failed to ratify the agreement. Many of them are reluctant to join, arguing that cer­tain provisions violate their national sovereignty and their freedom of decision. For Germany and Europe, the agreement offers new leverage for drafting supply chain laws. (author's abstract)

Am 5. November 2020 ratifizierte Mexiko als elfter Staat das sogenannte Escazú-Abkom­men, eine Vereinbarung der Staaten Lateinamerikas und der Karibik zur Etablierung regionaler Transparenz- und Umweltstandards. Da somit die vorgegebene Mindestzahl an Ratifikationen erreicht worden ist, kann das Abkommen im Jahr 2021 in Kraft treten. Dadurch wurde ein innovatives multilaterales Instrument geschaffen, das für mehr Bürgerbeteiligung und eine bessere Durchsetzung von Bürgerrechten in Umwelt­belangen sorgen soll. In Lateinamerika sind wirtschaftliche Interessen an der Aus­beutung von Rohstoffen dominant, außerdem gibt es eine hohe Zahl an Ressourcen­konflikten. Vor diesem Hintergrund eröffnet das Abkommen betroffenen indigenen Völkern und Verteidigern von Menschenrechten in Umweltbelangen neue Möglich­keiten der Information, Partizipation und des Zugangs zum Justizwesen. Trotz dieses ersten verbindlichen Schritts nach vorne fehlen noch die Ratifizierungen maßgeb­licher Staaten der Region. Viele von ihnen wollen dem Abkommen gegenwärtig nicht beitreten, da sie ihre nationale Souveränität und Entscheidungsfreiheit durch Ver­tragsbestimmungen verletzt sehen. Deutschland und Europa bietet das Abkommen neue Ansatzpunkte bei der Formulierung von Lieferkettengesetzen. (Autorenreferat)

International audience ; In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.

International audience ; In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.

International audience ; In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.

International audience ; In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.

International audience ; In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.

International audience ; In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments have implemented a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring and documenting government strategies during the COVID-19 crisis is crucial to understand the progression of the epidemic. Following a content analysis strategy of existing public information sources, we developed a specific hierarchical coding scheme for NPIs. We generated a comprehensive structured dataset of government interventions and their respective timelines of implementation. To improve transparency and motivate collaborative validation process, information sources are shared via an open library. We also provide codes that enable users to visualise the dataset. Standardization and structure of the dataset facilitate inter-country comparison and the assessment of the impacts of different NPI categories on the epidemic parameters, population health indicators, the economy, and human rights, among others. This dataset provides an in-depth insight of the government strategies and can be a valuable tool for developing relevant preparedness plans for pandemic. We intend to further develop and update this dataset until the end of December 2020.