Suchergebnisse

This article explores the effects of the increasing educational attainment of several cohorts of women born during the first half of the twentieth century on the historical change in their fertility. With data from the 1991 Spanish Census, we focus on the reproductive trajectories of women in these cohorts based on parity progression and marriage patterns. The conclusions point to a clear negative association between education and fertility on one hand and between education and marriage on the other. Both of these relationships prove relevant to understanding changes in fertility and childlessness in the cohorts and time span considered.

The objective of this article is to determine the extent to which the evolution of religiosity in Spain and Poland in their post-democratic transition periods has been affected by the process of generational replacement. For Spain data are drawn from several surveys carried out by the Spanish Centre for Sociological Studies (CIS) between 1980 and 1996. For Poland the data come from the Polish General Social Survey and ISSP covering 1992–2008. Results show two radically different patterns of religious change. The fall in religious practice in Spain observed throughout the first 16 years after the political transition was due mostly to the inter-cohort change that affects each new generation born after 1950. In the case of Poland, post-transition change is less marked and due mainly to decline in religious practice on the individual level. The study also observes that the cohorts of Poles born during and after the fall of communism are significantly less religious than older cohorts.

La date de référence du début de la scolarité des enfants peut inciter les parents à avancer ou à retarder la naissance lorsqu'elle s'approche de cette date. La recherche a mis en évidence cette pratique dans les pays asiatiques aux systèmes éducatifs très compétitifs. Notre analyse d'une base de données exhaustive constituée à partir de registres administratifs ne révèle aucune preuve de ce phénomène en Espagne. La stratification de l'échantillon en fonction du niveau d'études et du pays de naissance de la mère confirme la validité de nos résultats. Ces conclusions différencient les contextes européens et asiatiques. Elles procurent également une base empirique solide aux travaux qui utilisent la méthode de régression sur discontinuité en faisant l'hypothèse du caractère aléatoire des naissances autour de la date de référence pour l'entrée dans la scolarité.