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With the Covid-19 pandemic dominating the agenda, it seems almostnatural that it be associated with another buzzword: populism. As thepandemic advances, it seems that the prediction of populism surviving thepandemic due to its own diversity has been proved right, given thevariation in responses by populists around the world. One commondenominator stands out though: populists across the political spectrumunderstood the benefits of performing the Covid-19 crisis as a tool tostrengthen their political positions. They tried to politicize the pandemic toincrease the antagonism between the people and the elites. In this article, Iintroduce the notion of crisis as both a construct and a performance, and asa useful concept to analyze populist reactions to the pandemic. I argue thatnotwithstanding the attempts to politicize the pandemic, the Covid-19 crisisended up imposing its own reality. In other words: the crisis could not beowned by politics.

Recorrendo a conceitos e a teorias que relacionam significados, representações, memória e trauma, destacaremos como os acontecimentos de Onze de Setembro foram capazes de desestabilizar representações e significados, quebrar a linha da História, subverter sentidos, romper percepções espaço-temporais e abalar as grades de inteligibilidade que permitiam que os americanos dessem sentido à realidade e a si próprios. Nosso objetivo é compreender como representações mudas e hiper-reais dos eventos de 2001 provocaram uma situação de falha de linguagem, o que teria resultado em um momento de aporia. Arguiremos que o Onze de Setembro, devido à dificuldade de significação, encontrar-se-ia no cerne de um trauma nos imaginários coletivos americanos.

"This work seeks to provide a comprehensive and accessible survey of the international dimension of trauma and memory and its manifestations in various cultural contexts"--

"This work seeks to provide a comprehensive and accessible survey of the international dimension of trauma and memory and its manifestations in various cultural contexts"--

Abstract This forum, as a part of the special issue on New Directions for Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA), provides a diversity of answers to the question of how affects and emotions, and the search for ontological security, relate to foreign policy. By foregrounding the various ways to conceive the relationship between foreign policy, ontological security, collective identities, states' autobiographical narratives, emotions and affective investments, the contributors to this forum examine and chart fruitful directions in FPA. Resende explores the analytical potentials of combining the theory of Ontological Security, Foreign Policy Analysis and Memory Studies to investigate how states invest in practices of ontological security by creating, remaking and defending their national narratives through historical memory. Solomon recollects how the September 11th attacks and the ensuing War on Terror contributed to his search for approaches which took affects and emotions seriously in IR, and which could help make sense of why some discourses, including foreign policy discourses, resonate with and are accepted by the audience in certain contexts. Finally, Sandrin provides an account of her encounters with the literature on the role of emotions in foreign policy and conveys how these texts helped her make sense of some puzzling aspects of Turkish foreign policy. Jimmy Casas Klausen served as lead editor of this forum. The manuscript passed through the regular double-blind peer review process to insure anonymity.

ABSTRACT The construction of threats and enemies is a constant in international politics, and presidential rhetoric plays an important role in this process. In this article, we show how recent US presidential speeches articulate narratives and representations of threats and enemies. We will focus on the State of the Union addresses given by Bill Clinton (1993-2001), George W. Bush (2001-2009), and Barack Obama (2009-2013), thus encompassing 20 years of US foreign policy agenda. To do so, we will use two discourse analysis techniques. The first will highlights processes of linking and differentiation inherent to identities while the second, from the field of narratology, is employed to identify the narrative grammar that underpins the roles performed in narratives. We will show that rather than fixed, stable categories, threats and enemies are constantly in flux, being constructed against a permanent state of crisis.