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"National Catholicism, which identifies the nation with the Catholic faith, submits Catholic universalism to the logic of an introverted nationalism that opposes sharing sovereignty with other nations both within the state and in the framework of supranational institutions like the European Union. This book analyzes and describes the attempts to transform introverted conceptions of the nation into extroverted nationalism during the democratic transition and in the two decades thereafter"--

"National Catholicism, which identifies the nation with the Catholic faith, submits Catholic universalism to the logic of an introverted nationalism that opposes sharing sovereignty with other nations both within the state and in the framework of supranational institutions like the European Union. This book analyzes and describes the attempts to transform introverted conceptions of the nation into extroverted nationalism during the democratic transition and in the two decades thereafter"--

"National Catholicism, which identifies the nation with the Catholic faith, submits Catholic universalism to the logic of an introverted nationalism that opposes sharing sovereignty with other nations both within the state and in the framework of supranational institutions like the European Union. This book analyzes and describes the attempts to transform introverted conceptions of the nation into extroverted nationalism during the democratic transition and in the two decades thereafter"--

UID/CPO/04627/2013 ; What explains the adoption of the regime of cooperation between church and the state in the democratic constitutions of Spain and Poland, while Portugal maintained a regime of strict separation in the United States and French tradition? The explanation could be that a consensual constitution-making process resulted in a constitutional formula accommodating religion and guaranteeing religious freedoms. Alternatively, the constitutional regime of cooperation could result from the diffusion of international norms to national constitutions, in this case, the cosmopolitan law of the church. The article process-traces the constitution drafting processes and finds that the emergence of a constitutional consensus among secularist and constitutional drafters in Spain and Poland was based on the Vatican Council II doctrine and facilitated by the intervention of the Catholic hierarchies. In Portugal, the violent context of the revolution excluded the church, and the constitutional regime of strict separation between church and state was adopted. ; authorsversion ; published

AbstractWhat explains the adoption of the regime of cooperation between church and the state in the democratic constitutions of Spain and Poland, while Portugal maintained a regime of strict separation in the United States and French tradition? The explanation could be that a consensual constitution-making process resulted in a constitutional formula accommodating religion and guaranteeing religious freedoms. Alternatively, the constitutional regime of cooperation could result from the diffusion of international norms to national constitutions, in this case, the cosmopolitan law of the church. The article process-traces the constitution drafting processes and finds that the emergence of a constitutional consensus among secularist and constitutional drafters in Spain and Poland was based on the Vatican Council II doctrine and facilitated by the intervention of the Catholic hierarchies. In Portugal, the violent context of the revolution excluded the church, and the constitutional regime of strict separation between church and state was adopted.

In line with recent studies, this article argues that a party's attitude towards the European Union (EU) derives from its main ideological goal, which is primarily of a domestic character. The EU is evaluated on whether it contributes to achieve the party's main objective in domestic terms. For example, social democrats evaluate integration on its impact on the redistributive economic regime, nationalists on the impact on the sovereignty of the national political community. The article then investigates how enlargement changed the composition of the center of European party systems & argues that the decline of Christian democracy & the rise of nationalism after enlargement makes opposition to political supranationalism a characteristic of the center-right, while in the center-left social democrats, from East & West, have adopted a pro-European attitude. Adapted from the source document.