Suchergebnisse

The excessive use of pesticides in Indonesia during the 1970s and 1980s caused serious environmental problems, such as acute and chronic human pesticide poisoning, animal poisoning, the contamination of agricultural products, the destruction of both beneficial natural parasites and pest predators, and pesticide resistance in pests. To overcome these environmental problems, the Indonesian government implemented an integrated pest management (IPM) program from 1991 to 1999. During that time, the program was able to help farmers reduce the use of pesticides by approximately 56% and increase yields by approximately 10%. However, economic literature that analyzes the impact of the IPM program on household incomes and national economic performance is very limited. The general objective of this research is to analyze the impact of the IPM program in food crops on the Indonesian economy and household incomes for different socioeconomic groups.

Unprecedented industrial development in Indonesia during the last two decades, accompanied by a growing population, has increased the amount of environmental damage. One of the most important environmental problems is that the level of air pollution in several large cities has become alarming, particularly in the last few years. This high pollution level has stimulated the government to develop a national clean air program designed to control the quantity of pollutants in the air. However, the impact of this national clean air program on national economic performance and household incomes has not yet been analysed systematically. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the expected impact of the clean air program on national economic performance and household incomes for various socio-economic groups.

Unprecedented industrial development in Indonesia during the last two decades, accompanied by a growing population, has increased the amount of environmental damage. One of the most important environmental problems is that the level of air pollution in several large cities has become alarming, particularly in the last few years. This high pollution level has stimulated the government to develop a national clean air program designed to control the quantity of pollutants in the air. However, the impact of this national clean air program on national economic performance and household incomes has not yet been analysed systematically. The main goal of this paper is to analyse the expected impact of the clean air program on national economic performance and household incomes for various socio-economic groups.

"This book presents an evaluation of the impacts of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis on regional economies and subsequent reconstruction, as well as regional revitalization by the spatial economic model and dynamic macro and regional computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The cases examined are the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. The study constructs three models of these megathrust earthquakes and the associated tsunami. In the first model, the regional CGE model is proposed with a database comprising the two-regional social accounting matrix for 2005 between the region comprising four disaster-affected prefectures of Japan and the non-disaster region. For the recursive dynamic regional CGE model, the model that expanded and improved the dynamic two-regional CGE model to reflect the incomplete employment conditions and the aging society is used to analyze the impacts of an earthquake and the construction of industrial clusters. In the second model, the interregional input-output model is proposed in order to analyze the impacts of the earthquake and rapid population decline and construction of a biogas electricity power plant. In the third model, a new economic geography (NEG) model is proposed, consisting of the 47 prefectures of Japan in order to investigate the impacts of the Great East Japan and Nankai megathrust earthquakes and the associated tsunami and to consider how they change the regional economies of Japan. Using these three models, the impacts of megathrust earthquakes and tsunamis on regional economies and reconstruction and on regional revitalization are evaluated."--

AbstractThis paper presents evidence on the potential impact of agricultural land property rights on household food insecurity of rural rice farmers in Cambodia. To achieve this goal, it assesses the results of a survey of 256 farmer households in 32 rural villages of eight districts in four provinces in Cambodia. This paper finds that stronger agricultural land property rights are significantly associated with a lower probability of facing household food insecurity among rice farmers in Cambodia. This paper also argues that stronger agricultural land property rights are significantly associated with the ability to provide collateral and to access credit, which are among the factors which enable farmers to invest in their land, improve productivity and increase their revenue.

AbstractWe investigate the impact of tariff reform—which serves as the main instrument of trade liberalisation—on income inequality in Indonesia, using a panel dataset of 26 provinces for the period of 1977–2012. Our study provides evidence from a long period of trade liberalisation analysis and offers some valuable insights into the nexus between trade liberalisation and income distribution. We find that relative inequality was reduced more in provinces that had more exposure to input tariff liberalisation. Furthermore, the results also suggest that tariff cuts play an important part in poverty reduction.

The Farmer Field School (FFS) is an intensive training program providing farmers with science‐based knowledge and practices, including integrated pest management. Recently there has been intensive debate as to whether or not this kind of training has any significant impact. Most case studies argue that the impact, in terms of a farmer's ability to reduce the use of pesticides while increasing yields, is significant. However, panel data studies using household panel data sets for Indonesia have not been able to confirm that this is the case. The present paper uses panel data available from previous panel data studies and applies a new model specification to reevaluate whether or not the FFS induces better performances among farmers enrolled in the program and also among their neighbors, who are expected to receive some spillover knowledge from the FFS alumna.

This study examines the recovery and reconstruction experience of Indonesia, following the December 2004 Asian tsunami that destroyed much of Aceh island, inflicting some 167,000 fatalities and destroying much of the island's housing and infrastructure. This was followed soon after by a major earthquake in the neighbouring island of Nias. A large reconstruction programme was launched by the government, with pledges from international donors to meet most of the reconstruction costs. The changed approach in Aceh following the tsunami paved the way for a peace settlement that ended a decades-long military conflict in the province. However, two years after the tsunami key reconstruction plan targets have not been met and are unlikely to be met in the foreseeable future. The Indonesian experience highlights coordination problems between the many government agencies, international donors, and NGOs; difficulties for reconstruction agencies in using funds effectively; and the dangers of a large funding gap emerging because of underestimation of local cost increases. Lessons and implications are drawn for institutional development and policy formulation to cope with future natural disasters. These have relevance not only for Indonesia but also for many other developing countries.