Suchergebnisse

This paper inquires into the production of memories on violent events in two Antioquia municipalities, which from the 80's have shown alarming violence indicators. Thus, in the municipality of San Carlos violent events memories are framed within a context of a catholic society having homogeneous economic conditions, elites historically pertaining to the Conservative party, accelerated development processes, and living under hegemonic armed rule. In this scenario a certain consensus is achieved in the narrative of violence, aiming at dignifying victims and highlighting the high costs armed confrontation entails. In the municipality of Apartadó, violence memory is framed within a pluri-ethnic, lay and marginal society, immerse in accelerated development processes and unstable armed rule. There, a split memory is produced, featuring political identities routinizing and eventually justifying violent events. In the face of these cases, an attempt is made to keep the reflection on what kind of memories are required to stop reproducing war? ; En el presente artículo se indaga por la producción de los recuerdos de los hechos de violencia en dos municipios antioqueños que desde la década del 80 han presentado alarmantes indicadores. Es así como en el municipio de San Carlos se recuerdan los hechos de violencia en el marco de una sociedad católica, con condiciones económicas homogéneas, con élites históricamente vinculadas al partido conservador, procesos acelerados de desarrollo y bajo dominios armados hegemónicos. En este escenario se construye un cierto consenso en el relato de la violencia que busca dignificar a las víctimas y que resalta los altos costos de la confrontación armada. En el municipio de Apartadó se recuerda la violencia en el marco de una sociedad pluriétnica, laica, marginal, en medio de procesos de desarrollo acelerados y dominios armados inestables. Allí se produce una memoria dividida marcada por identidades políticas, que rutiniza los hechos violentos y en ocasiones los justifica. Frente a estos casos se busca dejar la siguiente reflexión: ¿qué tipo de memorias se necesitan para no reproducir la guerra? ; No presente artigo indaga-se sobre a produção das lembranças dos fatos de violência em dois municípios do departamento de Antioquia que desde a década de 80 apresentam alarmantes indicadores. É assim como no município de San Carlos são lembrados os fatos de violência dentro de uma sociedad católica, com condições econômicas homogêneas, com elites historicamente vinculadas ao partido conservador, processos acelerados de desenvolvimento e sob domínios armados hegemônicos. Neste cenário se produz certo consenso no relato da violência que procura dignificar as vítimas e que destaca os altos custos da confrontação armada. No município de Apartadó lembra-se a violência dentro de uma sociedade multiétnica, laica, marginal, no meio de processos de desenvolvimento acelerados e domínios armados instáveis. Ali se produz uma memória dividida marcada por identidades políticas que banaliza os acontecimentos violentos e em ocasiões os justifica. Diante desses casos procura-se deixar a reflexão de que tipos de memórias são necessárias para não reproduzir a guerra?

Abstract
Air pollution is considered the world's most important environmental and public health risk. The annual exposure for particulate matter (PM) in the northern Caribbean region of Colombia between 2011 and 2019 was determined using PM records from 25 monitoring stations located within the area. The impact of exposure to particulate matter was assessed through the updated Global Burden of Disease health risk functions using the AirQ+ model for mortality attributable to acute lower respiratory disease (in children ≤ 4 years); mortality in adults aged > 18 years old attributable to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ischaemic heart disease, lung cancer, and stroke; and all-cause post-neonatal infant mortality. The proportions of the prevalence of bronchitis in children and the incidence of chronic bronchitis in adults attributable to PM exposure were also estimated for the population at risk. Weather Research and Forecasting-California PUFF (WRF-CALPUFF) modeling systems were used to estimate the spatiotemporal trends and calculate mortality relative risk due to prolonged PM2.5 exposure. Proportions of mortality attributable to long-term exposure to PM2.5 were estimated to be around 11.6% of ALRI deaths in children ≤ 4 years of age, 16.1% for COPD, and 26.6% for IHD in adults. For LC and stroke, annual proportions attributable to PM exposure were estimated to be 9.1% and 18.9%, respectively. An estimated 738 deaths per year are directly attributed to particulate matter pollution. The highest number of deaths per year is recorded in the adult population over 18 years old with a mean of 401 events. The mean risk in terms of the prevalence of bronchitis attributable to air pollution in children was determined to be 109 per 100,000 inhabitants per year. The maximum RR values for mortality (up 1.95%) from long-term PM2.5 exposure were predicted to correspond to regions downwind to the industrial zone.

Introduction: The knowledge related to elderly people concerning feeding habits, anthropometric characteristics, and their health status, is of vital interest to governmental and private entities interested in this population, in order to design strategies that allow to develop diagnoses and action plans. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of a group of elderly people in the town of Güintar from the municipality of Anza in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods: The following analysis were used: multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with canonical contrast of orthogonal type, multiple correspondence, descriptive of one-dimensional type and frequencies of one-dimensional type, where the information gathered through a survey was analyzed according to the factors of discrimination by sex. Results: It was found that women had a higher Body Mass Index than men. In terms of food consumption, it could be seen that 66.8% of the elderly people eat three meals per day, 21.5% incorporate dairy products, legumes and fish on a regular basis, 50% like fruits and 16.7% consume more than three glasses of water a day. Conclusion: About one third of the elderly people assessed presented risk of malnutrition (more women than men) and more than 10% were malnourished (more men than women). This situation requires to rethink food policies to promote adequatenutritional status and; therefore, the health of this population group. ; Introducción: El conocimiento relacionado con los adultos mayores, referente a los hábitos de alimentación, características antropométricas y su estado de salud, es de vital interés para entes gubernamentales y privados interesados en esta población, a fin de diseñar estrategias que permitan elaborar diagnósticos y planes de acción. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de adultos mayores del corregimiento de Güintar del Municipio de Anzá, Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Se utilizaron los siguientes análisis: multivariado de la varianza (MANOVA) con contraste canónico de tipo ortogonal, de correspondencia múltiple, descriptivo de tipo unidimensional y de frecuencias de tipo unidimensional; para lo cual se analizó la información recopilada mediante encuesta, de acuerdo con los factores de discriminación por sexo. Resultados: Se encontró que las mujeres tenían un Índice de Masa Corporal superior al de los hombres; en cuanto al consumo de alimentos se evidenció que el 66,8% de los adultos mayores ingieren las tres comidas al día, el 21,5% incorporan lácteos, legumbres y pescado de manera regular, al 50% les gustan las frutas y 16,7% consumen más de tres vasos de agua al día. Conclusión: Cerca de una tercera parte de los adultos mayores evaluados presentaron riesgo de malnutrición (más mujeres que hombres) y más del 10% se encontraba con malnutrición (más hombres que mujeres), situación que amerita replantear las políticas alimentarias para favorecer un estado nutricional adecuado y por ende la salud de este grupo poblacional.AbstractIntroduction: The knowledge related to elderly people concerning feeding habits, anthropometric characteristics, and their health status, is of vital interest to governmental and private entities interested in this population, in order to design strategies that allow to develop diagnoses and action plans. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of a group of elderly people in the town of Güintar from the municipality of Anza in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods: The following analysis were used: multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with canonical contrast of orthogonal type, multiple correspondence, descriptive of one-dimensional type and frequencies of one-dimensional type, where the information gathered through a survey was analyzed according to the factors of discrimination by sex. Results: It was found that women had a higher Body Mass Index than men. In terms of food consumption, it could be seen that 66.8% of the elderly people eat three meals per day, 21.5% incorporate dairy products, legumes and fish on a regular basis, 50% like fruits and 16.7% consume more than three glasses of water a day. Conclusion: About one third of the elderly people assessed presented risk of malnutrition (more women than men) and more than 10% were malnourished (more men than women). This situation requires to rethink food policies to promote adequate nutritional status and; therefore, the health of this population group.

ABSTRACT: The knowledge related to elderly people concerning feeding habits, anthropometric characteristics, and their health status, is of vital interest to governmental and private entities interested in this population, in order to design strategies that allow to develop diagnoses and action plans. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of a group of elderly people in the town of Güintar from the municipality of Anza in Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and methods: The following analysis were used: multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with canonical contrast of orthogonal type, multiple correspondence, descriptive of one-dimensional type and frequencies of one-dimensional type, where the information gathered through a survey was analyzed according to the factors of discrimination by sex. Results: It was found that women had a higher Body Mass Index than men. In terms of food consumption, it could be seen that 66.8% of the elderly people eat three meals per day, 21.5% incorporate dairy products, legumes and fish on a regular basis, 50% like fruits and 16.7% consume more than three glasses of water a day. Conclusion: About one third of the elderly people assessed presented risk of malnutrition (more women than men) and more than 10% were malnourished (more men than women). This situation requires to rethink food policies to promote adequate nutritional status and; therefore, the health of this population group. ; RESUMEN: El conocimiento relacionado con los adultos mayores, referente a los hábitos de alimentación, características antropométricas y su estado de salud, es de vital interés para entes gubernamentales y privados interesados en esta población, a fin de diseñar estrategias que permitan elaborar diagnósticos y planes de acción. Objetivo: evaluar el estado nutricional de un grupo de adultos mayores del corregimiento de Güintar del Municipio de Anzá, Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se utilizaron los siguientes análisis: multivariado de la varianza (MANOVA) con contraste canónico de tipo ortogonal, de correspondencia múltiple, descriptivo de tipo unidimensional y de frecuencias de tipo unidimensional; para lo cual se analizó la información recopilada mediante encuesta, de acuerdo con los factores de discriminación por sexo. Resultados: se encontró que las mujeres tenían un Índice de Masa Corporal superior al de los hombres; en cuanto al consumo de alimentos se evidenció que el 66,8% de los adultos mayores ingieren las tres comidas al día, el 21,5% incorporan lácteos, legumbres y pescado de manera regular, al 50% les gustan las frutas y 16,7% consumen más de tres vasos de agua al día. Conclusión: cerca de una tercera parte de los adultos mayores evaluados presentaron riesgo de malnutrición (más mujeres que hombres) y más del 10% se encontraba con malnutrición (más hombres que mujeres), situación que amerita replantear las políticas alimentarias para favorecer un estado nutricional adecuado y por ende la salud de este grupo poblacional.

AbstractAir pollution in opencast coal mine areas is a critical issue, resulting in harmful severe effects on human health. Therefore, it is essential to understand the air pollution factors and to assess the risks to humans. This study evaluated the potential risks (carcinogen and non-carcinogen) of inhalation exposure to PM10-bound heavy metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in an open pit mine in northern Colombia. During February-May 2022, PM10 samples were collected at eight sites. Heavy metals (i.e., Al, Cr(VI), Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Pb) and PAHs (thirteen priority PAHs, and one non-priority PAH) levels linked to PM10 were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, respectively. PM10 concentrations were found to range between 4.70 and 59.90 µg m−3. Out of the three different zones of the study area (i.e., North Zone, South Zone, and Populated Zone), the North Zone recorded the highest daily average concentrations of Cr(VI) (104.16 ng m−3), Mn (28.39 ng m−3), Cu (33.75 ng m−3), Zn (57.99 ng m−3), As (44.92 ng m−3), and Pb (27.13 ng m−3). The fraction of the analyzed heavy metals at all monitoring sites was 82%–89% for Al, followed by Cr(VI) with 3%–6%. Cr(VI) was the major contributor to the carcinogenic risk values, while Cu, Cr(VI), and As were the main drivers for the non-carcinogenic risk. The average cancer risk range for heavy metals was 3.30 × 10–04 –5.47 × 10–04. On the other hand, the cancer risk for PAHs exposure was acceptable. The average incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) values varied between 2.87 × 10–07 and 4.21 × 10–07. Benzo[a]pyrene contributed to 54%–56% of the total risk from inhalation of PM10-bound PAHs, while Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene contributed to 16%–19%. Based on the Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis, exposure to Cr(VI) was the main factor affecting cancer risk in the North, South, and Populated Zones. A suitable risk assessment and management plan requires understanding PM10-bound heavy metals and PAHs concentration levels as well as their potential health risks, mainly in open-cast coal mine zones. Our study found that people living near open-pit mines face potential health risks, so it is crucial to establish policies and regulations to control emission sources.