Suchergebnisse

The article is sanctified to the problems of becoming of literary biographica at the stage of establishing Ukrainian statehood. On a way to integration in Evropean space this discipline overcame quite a bit obstacles, especially difficult it was her to manage with the socialistic past for that totalitarianism and twisting of facts and phenomena are characteristic. For swingeing majority of researches of soviet period characteristic politicizing, prevailing of ideological criteria at determination of payment of that or other writer, literary critic in development of biographica, underestimation of national aspect, features of development of the Ukrainian biographica. However, at all imperfection of methodology of researches, scientific developments of previous years give a common idea about basic flows and directions of biographica in different historical periods, contain interesting as a fact material about the Ukrainian writing, and can be valuable sources. Heroes that till recently were held back changed, or and quite hostile. The periods of literary biographica are traced, for each the characteristic moments are certain. However none of existent theoretical models is able to outline fully Ukrainian biographizm. ХХ of century – unique not only the figures but also events that entailed the origin of his figures. The newest heroes and heroines that show an example to unshakableness of the Ukrainian spirit appear, courage and devotion to Ukraine. For the Ukrainian literary biographica characteristic high scientific level. Her scientific character is reflected in application of scientifically reasonable methods of research, in a selection for information of high-quality resources, charts of their groupments, analysis, descriptions. Principle of humanism – leading in methodology of literary biographica. The article is called to fill a certain blank in history of culture, bibliology, to opening of portraits and biographies of talented figures, abandoned in the river of reckless history of ХХ of century.

The article deals with the heroic fate of the champion of human dignity, a native of the Sivershchyna, Petrо Kalnyshevsky, whose unique fate has touched for three centuries. He was a military and political figure of Ukraine, a diplomat, the last Cossack chieftain of Zaporozhian Sich in 1762 and 1765–1775. The times of modern history of Ukraine not only did not erase the memory of the Cossack glory and other fighters for the freedom of Ukraine, but with new force directed modern Ukrainians to fight for freedom, the democratic principles of the new Ukraine. And the last Otaman of the Zaporozhian Sich, Petro Ivanovych Kalnyshevsky, is one of the outstanding figures in our past, who attracted the attention of political elites, researchers, scientists, and the general public. Under his tireless activity, the Zaporozhian Sich gained not only political but also economic autonomy. And the Kish Otaman himself was the most authoritative person in Ukraine. This gave the opportunity to engage in patronage. Kalnyshevsky is known as a builder of cathedrals and churches in Lokhvytsia, Romny, Pustoviytivka, Mezhyhirsk monastery, Petrykivka. At the same time, he was not just the leader of the Cossacks in the last years of the Sich – he became a reflection of the image of a martyr who suffered in the Solovetsky prison for all three centuries of Cossack freedom. In such a symbolic context, his life and work were perceived during the Ukrainian national revival of the second half of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The heroism of the figure of Peter Kalnyshevsky was inherited after the restoration of Ukrainian statehood in 1991, and it came to an end: the Ukrainian Orthodox Church declared him "holy, righteous".