Suchergebnisse

"This book discusses the governance of solar geoengineering. It is primarily descriptive: How is solar geoengineering governed? It is secondarily analytical: What are the opportunities and challenges? And tertiarily, it is prescriptive: How should solar geoengineering be governed? Although it largely concerns law, a substantial portion of governance is done through nonlegal means, such as norms, principles, codes of conduct, private regulation, and self-regulation. Governance is further shaped by politics, ethics, and economics. Outdoor activities, especially large-scale research and deployment, are more consequential and controversial, and thus receive more attention. Given that these would have transboundary if not global effects, international relations and international law come to the forefront"--

The outdoor use of organisms modified with gene drives—emerging biotechnologies of biased inheritance—could further human well-being and biodiversity conservation, yet also poses environmental risks and diverse social challenges. This article describes and analyzes the international law and politics of gene drives' research, development, and possible use, with an emphasis on their potential biodiversity applications. The Convention on Biological Diversity is central, and its institutions and others have taken actions toward governing gene drive organisms. Gene drives' governance and politics are contrasted with those of agricultural genetically modified organisms, with emphases on states, nonstate actors, the precautionary approach, and decision-making forums. Developing and implementing governance—especially in international forums—for gene drives may prove to be difficult. The observations and analysis here indicate that the politics of gene drive organisms is a manifestation of a larger struggle regarding emerging technologies among those concerned about sustainability.