Suchergebnisse

The preservation and nurturance of national heritage products, which are inherent to particular localities, are very significant for the economic, social vitality and sustainable development of a country. National handicrafts are a means of maintaining national identity, originality, and distinction in a constantly changing world. For a long time Lithuania was an agrarian country, so its cultural heritage and handicrafts are closely related to the rural environment, culture, traditions, and materials. Nowadays this heritage is a very important source of alternative employment opportunities. In 2007 Lithuania enacted the Law of National Heritage Products; in 2008 and 2011 Programmes for the Protection of National Heritage Products, their Market and Development of Handicrafts were approved. The goal was to provide governmental support to create favourable conditions for the creation, realisation and popularisation of national heritage products. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traditional handicrafts protection situation in Lithuania in a Programme implementation framework and to submit proposals for better implementation. The analysis shows that not all Programme goals were achieved: those for which municipalities were responsible were implemented better than those implemented by governmental institutions. A presumption could be made that the top-down approach is only partially suitable for Programme implementation. The partners from the 'bottom' (associations, local activity groups) should be involved in the implementation of the Programme to reach better results

The preservation and nurturance of national heritage products, which are inherent to particular localities, are very significant for the economic, social vitality and sustainable development of a country. National handicrafts are a means of maintaining national identity, originality, and distinction in a constantly changing world. For a long time Lithuania was an agrarian country, so its cultural heritage and handicrafts are closely related to the rural environment, culture, traditions, and materials. Nowadays this heritage is a very important source of alternative employment opportunities. In 2007 Lithuania enacted the Law of National Heritage Products; in 2008 and 2011 Programmes for the Protection of National Heritage Products, their Market and Development of Handicrafts were approved. The goal was to provide governmental support to create favourable conditions for the creation, realisation and popularisation of national heritage products. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the traditional handicrafts protection situation in Lithuania in a Programme implementation framework and to submit proposals for better implementation. The analysis shows that not all Programme goals were achieved: those for which municipalities were responsible were implemented better than those implemented by governmental institutions. A presumption could be made that the top-down approach is only partially suitable for Programme implementation. The partners from the 'bottom' (associations, local activity groups) should be involved in the implementation of the Programme to reach better results

The main provisions of a new long-term society ideology of sustainable development have been defined during the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992. Concept of sustainable rural development has been developed in response to the two prevailing rural development paradigms - agro-industrial and post-industrial. The core idea of this concept is that the protection of the environment as well as economic and social development must go hand in hand and reinforce each other. Due to the basic challenge of sustainable development which involve integration of different actions as well as sectorial integration, applying holistic approach and overcoming existing barriers between disciplines, it has become a serious test for policy-makers and contemporary management generally, where spatial and functional differentiation disperse the ability to deal effectively with the problems among different sets of actors, all with specialized tasks and limited resources and competence. Government has become increasingly dependent on cooperation and mobilization of common resources, necessary to ensure sustainable development, but owned by actors from outside the hierarchical control. In parallel implementation of fundamental - social, economic and environmental - objectives of sustainable development has become dependent on the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. These dependences led to the emergence of policy networks as a new form of government, differing from traditional governing by market and hierarchy. Lithuania is lagging behind the West European countries according to the level of rural sustainable development.

The main provisions of a new long-term society ideology of sustainable development have been defined during the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992. Concept of sustainable rural development has been developed in response to the two prevailing rural development paradigms - agro-industrial and post-industrial. The core idea of this concept is that the protection of the environment as well as economic and social development must go hand in hand and reinforce each other. Due to the basic challenge of sustainable development which involve integration of different actions as well as sectorial integration, applying holistic approach and overcoming existing barriers between disciplines, it has become a serious test for policy-makers and contemporary management generally, where spatial and functional differentiation disperse the ability to deal effectively with the problems among different sets of actors, all with specialized tasks and limited resources and competence. Government has become increasingly dependent on cooperation and mobilization of common resources, necessary to ensure sustainable development, but owned by actors from outside the hierarchical control. In parallel implementation of fundamental - social, economic and environmental - objectives of sustainable development has become dependent on the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. These dependences led to the emergence of policy networks as a new form of government, differing from traditional governing by market and hierarchy. Lithuania is lagging behind the West European countries according to the level of rural sustainable development.

The main provisions of a new long-term society ideology of sustainable development have been defined during the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992. Concept of sustainable rural development has been developed in response to the two prevailing rural development paradigms - agro-industrial and post-industrial. The core idea of this concept is that the protection of the environment as well as economic and social development must go hand in hand and reinforce each other. Due to the basic challenge of sustainable development which involve integration of different actions as well as sectorial integration, applying holistic approach and overcoming existing barriers between disciplines, it has become a serious test for policy-makers and contemporary management generally, where spatial and functional differentiation disperse the ability to deal effectively with the problems among different sets of actors, all with specialized tasks and limited resources and competence. Government has become increasingly dependent on cooperation and mobilization of common resources, necessary to ensure sustainable development, but owned by actors from outside the hierarchical control. In parallel implementation of fundamental - social, economic and environmental - objectives of sustainable development has become dependent on the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. These dependences led to the emergence of policy networks as a new form of government, differing from traditional governing by market and hierarchy. Lithuania is lagging behind the West European countries according to the level of rural sustainable development.

The main provisions of a new long-term society ideology of sustainable development have been defined during the Rio de Janeiro Summit in 1992. Concept of sustainable rural development has been developed in response to the two prevailing rural development paradigms - agro-industrial and post-industrial. The core idea of this concept is that the protection of the environment as well as economic and social development must go hand in hand and reinforce each other. Due to the basic challenge of sustainable development which involve integration of different actions as well as sectorial integration, applying holistic approach and overcoming existing barriers between disciplines, it has become a serious test for policy-makers and contemporary management generally, where spatial and functional differentiation disperse the ability to deal effectively with the problems among different sets of actors, all with specialized tasks and limited resources and competence. Government has become increasingly dependent on cooperation and mobilization of common resources, necessary to ensure sustainable development, but owned by actors from outside the hierarchical control. In parallel implementation of fundamental - social, economic and environmental - objectives of sustainable development has become dependent on the effectiveness of institutional arrangements. These dependences led to the emergence of policy networks as a new form of government, differing from traditional governing by market and hierarchy. Lithuania is lagging behind the West European countries according to the level of rural sustainable development.

The territorial issue is one of the key aspects of EU structural policy, which emphasizes the need for a strategic planning process to take advantage of the location, physical, human and social capital and natural resources. It is also increasingly recognized the need to promote cooperation of different levels of government, organizations and people, as well as dialogue and partnership between local actors, directly linked to the enlargement process. European Commission Communication - The Green Paper on territorial cohesion - addressed a question to the territorial diversity converting into strength. Territorial cohesion is seen as the promotion of sustainable development of all areas of the EU and as the objective for the inhabitants to make the best use of the local characteristics. In essence, this is a means of converting diversity into an advantage, which is useful for sustainable development across the EU. Especially, given the fact that local competitiveness increasingly depends on its actors' ability to make better use of their local advantages. Territorial rather than sectoral position on local development is the core principal of the LEADER method, which is defined as an endogenous approach to rural development, allowing the domination of territorial dimension in the rural development policy. The changing role of the rural areas as well as diminishing differences between cultural contexts induce the development and fostering of local identity, which is gaining a special significance as an identifying element, finding and highlighting the local uniqueness and benefits, acting positively on the competitiveness, attractiveness, and quality of life. In Lithuania 51 local action groups (LAGs) have introduced local development strategies in each rural area.

The territorial issue is one of the key aspects of EU structural policy, which emphasizes the need for a strategic planning process to take advantage of the location, physical, human and social capital and natural resources. It is also increasingly recognized the need to promote cooperation of different levels of government, organizations and people, as well as dialogue and partnership between local actors, directly linked to the enlargement process. European Commission Communication - The Green Paper on territorial cohesion - addressed a question to the territorial diversity converting into strength. Territorial cohesion is seen as the promotion of sustainable development of all areas of the EU and as the objective for the inhabitants to make the best use of the local characteristics. In essence, this is a means of converting diversity into an advantage, which is useful for sustainable development across the EU. Especially, given the fact that local competitiveness increasingly depends on its actors' ability to make better use of their local advantages. Territorial rather than sectoral position on local development is the core principal of the LEADER method, which is defined as an endogenous approach to rural development, allowing the domination of territorial dimension in the rural development policy. The changing role of the rural areas as well as diminishing differences between cultural contexts induce the development and fostering of local identity, which is gaining a special significance as an identifying element, finding and highlighting the local uniqueness and benefits, acting positively on the competitiveness, attractiveness, and quality of life. In Lithuania 51 local action groups (LAGs) have introduced local development strategies in each rural area.

The territorial issue is one of the key aspects of EU structural policy, which emphasizes the need for a strategic planning process to take advantage of the location, physical, human and social capital and natural resources. It is also increasingly recognized the need to promote cooperation of different levels of government, organizations and people, as well as dialogue and partnership between local actors, directly linked to the enlargement process. European Commission Communication - The Green Paper on territorial cohesion - addressed a question to the territorial diversity converting into strength. Territorial cohesion is seen as the promotion of sustainable development of all areas of the EU and as the objective for the inhabitants to make the best use of the local characteristics. In essence, this is a means of converting diversity into an advantage, which is useful for sustainable development across the EU. Especially, given the fact that local competitiveness increasingly depends on its actors' ability to make better use of their local advantages. Territorial rather than sectoral position on local development is the core principal of the LEADER method, which is defined as an endogenous approach to rural development, allowing the domination of territorial dimension in the rural development policy. The changing role of the rural areas as well as diminishing differences between cultural contexts induce the development and fostering of local identity, which is gaining a special significance as an identifying element, finding and highlighting the local uniqueness and benefits, acting positively on the competitiveness, attractiveness, and quality of life. In Lithuania 51 local action groups (LAGs) have introduced local development strategies in each rural area.

The territorial issue is one of the key aspects of EU structural policy, which emphasizes the need for a strategic planning process to take advantage of the location, physical, human and social capital and natural resources. It is also increasingly recognized the need to promote cooperation of different levels of government, organizations and people, as well as dialogue and partnership between local actors, directly linked to the enlargement process. European Commission Communication - The Green Paper on territorial cohesion - addressed a question to the territorial diversity converting into strength. Territorial cohesion is seen as the promotion of sustainable development of all areas of the EU and as the objective for the inhabitants to make the best use of the local characteristics. In essence, this is a means of converting diversity into an advantage, which is useful for sustainable development across the EU. Especially, given the fact that local competitiveness increasingly depends on its actors' ability to make better use of their local advantages. Territorial rather than sectoral position on local development is the core principal of the LEADER method, which is defined as an endogenous approach to rural development, allowing the domination of territorial dimension in the rural development policy. The changing role of the rural areas as well as diminishing differences between cultural contexts induce the development and fostering of local identity, which is gaining a special significance as an identifying element, finding and highlighting the local uniqueness and benefits, acting positively on the competitiveness, attractiveness, and quality of life. In Lithuania 51 local action groups (LAGs) have introduced local development strategies in each rural area.

This paper presents a New Social Movement approach to the studies of local food system development. It aims to identify whether local food initiatives coalesce into a movement in Lithuania, drawing on the characteristics derived from the New Social Movement theory. Discourse analysis and semi-structured interviews with representatives of local food organizations and initiatives are applied as main methods of the study. Results reveal that social processes around local food are characterized by much unified commitment of participants to a cause, moderately expressed opposition to the adversary of movement, and fainting networking among them. The evidence of all applied characteristics suggests that local food movement is present in Lithuania yet in the incoherent and insubstantial form. ; Straipsnyje pateikiamas vietos maisto sistemos raidos vertinimas iš naujųjų socialinių judėjimų teorinės prieigos. Remiantis šios prieigos išskiriamais socialinių judėjimų bruožais, siekiama nustatyti, ar vietos maisto iniciatyvos Lietuvoje priklauso socialiniam judėjimui. Pagrindiniai tyrimo metu taikomi metodai – diskurso analizė ir pusiau struktūruoti interviu su vietos maisto organizacijų ir iniciatyvų atstovais. Atliktas tyrimas parodė, kad socialiniai procesai, susiję su vietos maistu Lietuvoje, pasižymi labai vieninga dalyvių pozicija dėl bendro siekiamo tikslo, vidutiniškai išreikšta konfliktine sąveika su judėjimo oponentu ir silpnėjančia tarpusavio tinklaveika. Socialinio judėjimo bruožų vertinimas leidžia daryti išvadą, kad vietos maisto judėjimas Lietuvoje egzistuoja, tačiau kol kas nėra nei nuoseklus, nei įsitvirtinęs.

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.

Rapid change in the world economy required revision of the rural policy paradigm and adaptation to the values of post-industrial society. The new "place-based" paradigm requires important changes for setting rural policy measures that intend to have multi-level approach and orientation towards sustainable development of the entire rural region rather than support to an individual farm or a settlement. Therefore, new rural policy paradigm focuses on administrative-territorial regions instead of individual settlements. Lithuanian government need to do adjustments along new trends in rural policy and administer these policies effectively. Applied scientific research was used at this Project because regional classification by rurality does not exist in Lithuania. The typologies of Lithuanian regions were constructed for public administration goals and determined the criteria used to decide the adequacy of the typologies. The project provided four typologies of the Lithuanian administrative regions according to different features of rurality adapted to the rural policy objectives of post-industrial society. Each proposed Lithuanian regional typology reveals different aspects of rural regions that need to be addressed to the governments and can be regulated by rural policy measures. The typologies do not compete and their application should rather be complementary than alternative for the needs of public administration. Theoretical framework of research was based on systemic approach to reveal specifics of each region type based on three aspects of higher order systems: 1) Values of post-industrial society; 2) New "place-based" rural policy paradigm; 3) Lithuanian economic and social situation and institutional structure.