Suchergebnisse

The Arquivo de Ciência e Tecnologia da Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Ministry of Education and Science) and the Arquivo Camões – Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua (Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Portugal), contain in the set of document collections they have at their guard a core part of the history of the organization of science and also of the constitution of the scientific system in Portugal from a period dating back to its beginning in the early twentieth century, including in particular: the processes of thousands of scientists who were a part of it; the institutional and scientific memory of research spaces; the proposals and projects of scientific ideas; discussions and reflections on the scientific guidelines and policies of the central government and their materialization; the expression of scientific external relations. This article characterizes the current document collections of both archives for the relevance they hold not just for the institutional history of science but for the whole field of history of science and science policy in Portugal in the modern period; it does so by describing and contextualizing the history of the constitution of the Portuguese scientific system that gave origin to this invaluable documentary legacy. Both archives have been the subject of a successful preservation and organization effort, combined with a strategy to promote their heritage and related history, benefiting from inter-institutional collaboration, particularly between the entities responsible for keeping the collections and the scientific community. ; El Arquivo de Ciência e Tecnologia da Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia) y el Arquivo Camões - Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua (Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores, Portugal), contienen en el conjunto de los fondos documentales que custodian una parte esencial de la historia de la organización de la ciencia y también de la constitución del sistema científico en Portugal desde un período que se remonta a sus inicios a principios del siglo XX, incluyendo en particular los procesos de miles de científicos que formaron parte de él; la memoria institucional y científica de los espacios de investigación; las propuestas y proyectos de ideas científicas; las discusiones y reflexiones sobre las directrices y políticas científicas del gobierno central y su materialización; la expresión de las relaciones científicas externas. Este artículo caracteriza los actuales fondos documentales de ambos archivos por la relevancia que tienen no sólo para la historia institucional de la ciencia, sino para todo el campo de la historia de la ciencia y de la política científica en Portugal en la época moderna; lo hace describiendo y contextualizando la historia de la constitución del sistema científico portugués que dio origen a este inestimable legado documental. Ambos archivos han sido objeto de un exitoso esfuerzo de conservación y organización, combinado con una estrategia de promoción de su patrimonio y de la historia relacionada, beneficiándose de la colaboración interinstitucional, especialmente entre las entidades responsables de la conservación de los fondos y la comunidad científica.

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to investigate the association of the salivary pH and parameters of oral health in Brazilian para‐athletes.Methods and resultsThe sample was composed of 271 Brazilian para‐athletes (147 athletics, 61 powerlifting, and 63 swimming); mean age was 31.2 ± 11.7 years. Data collected during anamnesis, clinical examination, and saliva collection revealed that salivary pH was different among sports (p = .01) and tends to decrease as age and body mass index (BMI) increase (p = .026, .027, respectively). The mean decay missing filled teeth was 8.8 (±0.57), but there is no correlation with salivary pH (R2 = −0.0852; CI 95%, −0.215–0.047; p = .194) as habits of grinding, clenching teeth, or bruxism was not associated with salivary pH (p = .317, .932, and .444, respectively). Regarding breathing, para‐athletes that have buccal breathing had significantly higher salivary pH (p = .04). This data were confirmed by multiple logistic regression (p = .05). Open bite, lip seal, geographic or fissured tongue also were not associated with variation of salivary pH (p > .05).ConclusionsThis study provided evidence of an association between salivary pH with age, BMI, type of breathing, and type of sport practiced by the para‐athletes