Suchergebnisse

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a defesa da liberdade no cotidiano do exercício profissional do(a) assistente social. A pesquisa que o gerou realizou seleção bibliográfica pertinente ao tema, e como instrumento de investigação foram adotados dois formulários direcionados on-line aos assistentes sociais da Secretaria Municipal de Assistência Social (SMAS) de Cascavel/PR. O primeiro, para o total de assistentes sociais que compõem a SMAS, e o segundo, para aqueles que deram retorno. Apresentam-se alguns elementos sobre a concepção de liberdade, no pressuposto da ontologia do ser social. Posteriormente, expõe-se a fundamentação encontrada no Código de Ética do(a) Assistente Social em vigência e do Princípio Fundamental da liberdade. Na sequência, encontram-se as informações/dados parciais obtidos por meio da pesquisa realizada e que são subsídios para a realização de reflexão acerca da liberdade no exercício profissional. As considerações finais indicam liberdade como um valor ético e como uma categoria social que, concretamente, corresponde à existência de possibilidades de escolhas na vida cotidiana dos(as) assistentes sociais no que diz respeito à sua própria autonomia relativa profissional e à dos(as) usuários(as) das políticas sociais que elas atendem. Na diversidade em que se apresentam, estes(as) usuários(as) expressam necessidades e projetam possibilidades para sua superação.

The objective of this study was to analyze colostrum and milk compositions of ewes kept in pasture receiving different types/levels of supplementation and to analyze milk composition variation throughout the initial third lactation period. After confirmation of pregnancy, 54 ewes were kept in pasture and supplemented from the final third of gestation until weaning with multiple mixture or concentrate (0.4% or 0.8% of body weight). Milk collections were carried out in the postpartum period to collect colostrum (day 0), and on the seventh, 14th, 21st and 28th milking days. Samples were obtained by manual milking and analyzed for protein, fat, casein, lactose, total solids and defatted dry extract. No effects from the different types of supplementation were observed on the colostrum composition or in relation to milk composition. An effect of supplementation was only found for lactose contents, which were higher for animals that consumed a higher level of supplementation. In relation to the milking days, a linear decrease in protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract contents was observed between the seventh and the 28th day of lactation. No interaction between type of supplementation and the milking days was observed. The different types of supplementation did not alter the colostrum composition of Santa Inês crossbred ewes, however they had an influence on milk composition. Protein, casein, total solids and defatted dry extract decrease linearly between the seventh and the 28th day of lactation.

Our modern legal system is based on the principle of
equality. But is equality perhaps not also a concept that
inadequately describes the complexity of normative orders?
Highly differentiated societies with a multitude of collective
identities and functional rationalities are in a permanent
state of tension with this legal postulate. The contributions
to this volume examine how this tension has developed in
Europe and Latin America over the last 200 years

The aim of this study was to examine the use of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of poultry offal oil used in the pet food industry. Five commercial synthetic and two natural antioxidants were used in the following treatments: Control (CON); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95); CON + (BHT + BHA); CON + (BHA + PG + CA); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH70); CON + BHA; CON + (ASC + rosemary); and CON + (ASC + tocopherols). Inclusion levels were 0.5% for the synthetic and 0.625% for the natural antioxidants. Oxidative stability was determined at three temperatures (90, 110 and 130 ºC). To determine the fatty acid profile, the original sample of the offal oil was considered a negative control. The fatty acids were determined based on the preparation of methyl esters by a transesterification reaction with methanol in alkaline medium, followed by gas chromatography analysis. The different fatty acid types were identified by comparing the retention times of the fatty acid methyl ester standards with the retention times of the observed peaks. Compositional data analysis was carried out. Without the use of antioxidant, induction time is shorter, resulting in lower oxidative stability of the offal oil and consequent loss of its quality due to less time taken to oxidize. The antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA better preserved the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic). Natural antioxidants exhibited higher oxidation, with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and the worst ω6:ω3 ratios. In conclusion, the synthetic antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA provided greater protection against oxidation and better preserved the essential fatty acids. The natural antioxidants tested in the present study did not provide satisfactory protection.