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Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgments -- Figures and Tables -- Introduction -- Chapter 1 The International Court of Justice and Its Predecessor -- A Early Beginnings: the League of Nations and the PCIJ -- 1 Early Forms of International Adjudication -- 2 From Arbitration to Adjudication -- 3 The Permanent Court of International Justice -- 4 The PCIJ's Achievements -- B Legal Underpinnings -- 1 The Establishment of the United Nations -- 2 The UN Charter and the ICJ Statute -- Conclusion -- Chapter 2 The International Court of Justice and States -- A Access to the Court: States Only -- B The Principle of Consent -- C Admissibility and Jurisdiction -- 1 Legal Disputes -- 2 Conferring Jurisdiction on the Court -- a Jurisdiction Conferred by Treaty -- b Jurisdiction Conferred by Optional Clause Declaration -- c Forum Prorogatum -- D Arguing before the Court -- 1 The Principle of Equality -- 2 The Value of Legal Precedents -- E How a Case is Tried -- a Preliminary Objections -- b Provisional Measures -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3 The International Court of Justice and the United Nations -- A Advising the UN as an Organization -- 1 Nature and Scope of the Advisory Function -- 2 Facilitating UN Activity and Cooperation -- 3 Developing International Law -- 4 Safeguarding the System -- B Advising on Disputes -- C The ICJ's Relationship with Other Principal UN Organs -- 1 Relationship with the Security Council -- 2 Relationship with the General Assembly -- D A Timeline of Advisory Proceedings -- E Comparative Practice -- 1 The European Court of Human Rights -- 2 The Inter-American Court of Human Rights -- 3 The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4 The International Court of Justice and the International Community -- A The ICJ and Other International Courts and Tribunals -- B The ICJ and National Courts.

This book is the first of its kind to examine tunnels from the perspective of international law, with a view to minimizing the harm caused to civilians on all sides while keeping in mind the complexity of the operational and strategic challenges. Dr. Richemond-Barak identifies issues unique to underground warfare, including analyzing traditional international humanitarian law issues as they relate to tunnels and underground operations such as principles of dual use, proportionality, and advanced warning, a re-thinking of the lawfulness of certain weapons, and complex questions such as when tunnels are dug and underneath a state's own civilian infrastructure and under cultural and religious sites.

Waging war for money has been frowned upon since the Peace of Westphalia and the rise of the modern nation-state. The stigma associated with private warfare translates, in legal terms, into a prohibition on mercenary activity and denying mercenaries the protection afforded to regular combatants (in particular, prisoner of war status). Noting the apparent similarities between mercenaries and private military contractors, some have sought to extend to the latter the restrictive regime applicable to the former. But the resemblance between these two types of actors should not imply that private warfare, in its modern form, is condemnable outright. This Article argues that an inclusive approach to military outsourcing—drawing upon historical, legal and moral perspectives—is necessary to contend with the challenges raised by the growth of the private military industry. I examine the connection between history (highlighting the shared roots of private military contractors and mercenaries), morality (through which the stigma against private warfare developed), and law (the formal vehicle of such stigma), to show that private warfare deserves a more nuanced and pragmatic treatment under international law.

"Rosenne's The World Court offers a contemporary and interactive take on the UN's main judicial organ. The International Court of Justice, which has remained largely unchanged since its creation in 1945, operates within a growing network of states and international bodies. The book analyzes the institution via the prism of its relationship with states - the Court's natural constituency - as well as UN organs, international and domestic courts, academia, and non-state actors. It offers topics for class discussions, moot court exercises, and model syllabi. Direct engagement with the writings of leading scholars in international law and international relations helps uncover the Court's political and legal role in a complex international order. The book's novel and multidisciplinary approach make it an essential resource for students, teachers, and scholars"--

This article enhances our understanding of international norms by developing a set of indicators to measure norm robustness at the domestic level. We apply these indicators to assess the robustness of the prohibition on the death penalty: a well-established international norm that terrorism-related cases have put to the test. In the United Kingdom, the government agreed to share information with the United States, possibly leading to the imposition of the death penalty on two ISIS foreign fighters of UK origin. France facilitated the trials of French ISIS fighters in Iraq, where they were sentenced to death. While the UK government, under public and judicial pressure, reversed its decision to cooperate with US authorities, the French government failed to acknowledge its violation of the death-penalty ban. We conclude that the anti-death penalty norm is more robust in the United Kingdom than in France. This case demonstrates how established democracies might break international human rights norms, and it reveals the nuances of the norm-decaying process.

Abstract
This article enhances our understanding of international norms by developing a set of indicators to measure norm robustness at the domestic level. We apply these indicators to assess the robustness of the prohibition on the death penalty: a well-established international norm that terrorism-related cases have put to the test. In the United Kingdom, the government agreed to share information with the United States, possibly leading to the imposition of the death penalty on two ISIS foreign fighters of UK origin. France facilitated the trials of French ISIS fighters in Iraq, where they were sentenced to death. While the UK government, under public and judicial pressure, reversed its decision to cooperate with US authorities, the French government failed to acknowledge its violation of the death-penalty ban. We conclude that the anti-death penalty norm is more robust in the United Kingdom than in France. This case demonstrates how established democracies might break international human rights norms, and it reveals the nuances of the norm-decaying process.