J. Meyer-Ladewig/W. Keller/S. Leitherer, Sozialgerichtsgesetz: SGG
In: Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht: NVwZ ; vereinigt mit Verwaltungsrechtsprechung, Band 32, Heft 8, S. 486-485
ISSN: 0721-880X
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In: Neue Zeitschrift für Verwaltungsrecht: NVwZ ; vereinigt mit Verwaltungsrechtsprechung, Band 32, Heft 8, S. 486-485
ISSN: 0721-880X
In: Journalism quarterly, Band 43, Heft 1, S. 95-109
In: Journalism quarterly: JQ ; devoted to research in journalism and mass communication, Band 43, S. 95-106
ISSN: 0196-3031, 0022-5533
In: Zentralblatt für Gynäkologie, Band 126, Heft 1
ISSN: 1438-9762
Mobile measurements of PM 1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <1 μm) chemical composition using a quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer and a multi-angle absorption photometer were performed using the PSI mobile laboratory during winter 2007/2008 and December 2008 in the metropolitan area of Zurich, Switzerland. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to the organic fraction of PM 1 yielded 3 factors: Hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) related to traffic emissions; organic aerosol from wood burning for domestic heating purposes (WBOA); and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), assigned to secondary organic aerosol formed by oxidation of volatile precursors. The chemical composition of PM 1 was assessed for an urban background site and various sites throughout the city. The background site is dominated by secondary inorganic and organic species (57 %), BC, HOA, and WBOA account for 15 %, 6 %, and 12 %, respectively. As for the other sites, HOA is important along major roads (varying between 7 and 14 % of PM 1 for different sites within the city, average all sites 8 %), domestic wood burning makes up between 8–15 % of PM 1 for different sites within the city (average all sites 10.5 %). OOA makes up the largest fraction of organic aerosol (44 % on average). A new method allows for the separation and quantification of the local fraction of PM 1 emitted or rapidly formed in the city, and the fraction of PM 1 originating from the urban background. The method is based on simultaneous on-road mobile and stationary background measurements and the correction of small-scale meteorological effects using the ratio of on-road sulfate to stationary sulfate. Especially during thermal inversions over the Swiss plateau, urban background concentrations contribute substantially to particulate number concentrations (between 40 and 80 % depending on meteorological conditions and emissions, 60 % on average) as well as to the mass concentrations of PM 1 components measured on road in downtown Zurich (between 30 and 90 %, on average 60 % for black carbon and HOA, and between 90 and 100 % for WBOA, OOA, and the measured inorganic components). The results emphasize, on a scientific level, the advantage of mobile measurements for distinguishing local from regional air pollution research, and on a political level, the importance of regional collaboration for mitigating air pollution issues.
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Mobile measurements of PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <1 μm) chemical composition using a quadrupole aerosol mass spectrometer and a multi-angle absorption photometer were performed using the PSI mobile laboratory during winter 2007/2008 and December 2008 in the metropolitan area of Zurich, Switzerland. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) applied to the organic fraction of PM1 yielded 3 factors: Hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA) related to traffic emissions; organic aerosol from wood burning for domestic heating purposes (WBOA); and oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA), assigned to secondary organic aerosol formed by oxidation of volatile precursors. The chemical composition of PM1 was assessed for an urban background site and various sites throughout the city. The background site is dominated by secondary inorganic and organic species (57 %), BC, HOA, and WBOA account for 15 %, 6 %, and 12 %, respectively. As for the other sites, HOA is important along major roads (varying between 7 and 14 % of PM1 for different sites within the city, average all sites 8 %), domestic wood burning makes up between 8–15 % of PM1 for different sites within the city (average all sites 10.5 %). OOA makes up the largest fraction of organic aerosol (44 % on average). A new method allows for the separation and quantification of the local fraction of PM1 emitted or rapidly formed in the city, and the fraction of PM1 originating from the urban background. The method is based on simultaneous on-road mobile and stationary background measurements and the correction of small-scale meteorological effects using the ratio of on-road sulfate to stationary sulfate. Especially during thermal inversions over the Swiss plateau, urban background concentrations contribute substantially to particulate number concentrations (between 40 and 80 % depending on meteorological conditions and emissions, 60 % on average) as well as to the mass concentrations of PM1 components measured on road in downtown Zurich (between 30 and 90 %, on average 60 % for black carbon and HOA, and between 90 and 100 % for WBOA, OOA, and the measured inorganic components). The results emphasize, on a scientific level, the advantage of mobile measurements for distinguishing local from regional air pollution research, and on a political level, the importance of regional collaboration for mitigating air pollution issues.
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In: Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie: Journal of economics, Band 18, Heft 1-2, S. 223-256
ISSN: 2304-8360
17 páginas, 8 figuras. ; PM1 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <1 µm) non-refractory components and black carbon were measured continuously together with additional air quality and atmospheric parameters at an urban background site in Barcelona, Spain, during March 2009 (campaign DAURE, Determination of the sources of atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in the western Mediterranean). Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was conducted on the organic aerosol (OA) data matrix measured by an aerosol mass spectrometer, on both unit mass (UMR) and high resolution (HR) data. Five factors or sources could be identified: LV-OOA (low-volatility oxygenated OA), related to regional, aged secondary OA; SVOOA (semi-volatile oxygenated OA), a fresher oxygenated OA; HOA (hydrocarbon-like OA, related to traffic emissions); BBOA (biomass burning OA) from domestic heating or agricultural biomass burning activities; and COA (cooking OA). LV-OOA contributed 28 % to OA, SV-OOA 27 %, COA 17 %, HOA 16 %, and BBOA 11 %. The COA HR spectrum contained substantial signal from oxygenated ions (O:C: 0.21) whereas the HR HOA spectrum had almost exclusively contributions from chemically reduced ions (O:C: 0.03). If we assume that the carbon in HOA is fossil while that in COA and BBOA is modern, primary OA in Barcelona contains a surprisingly high fraction (59 %) of non-fossil carbon. This paper presents a method for estimating cooking organic aerosol in ambient datasets based on the fractions of organic mass fragments at m/z 55 and 57: their data points fall into a V-shape in a scatter plot, with strongly influenced HOA data aligned to the right arm and strongly influenced COA data points aligned to the left arm. HR data show that this differentiation is mainly driven by the oxygen-containing ions C3H3O + and C3H5O + , even though their contributions to m/z 55 and 57 are low compared to the reduced ions C4H + 7 and C4H + 9 . A simple estimation method based on the markers m/z 55, 57, and 44 is developed here and allows for a first-order-estimation of COA in urban air. This study emphasizes the importance of cooking activities for ambient air quality and confirms the importance of chemical composition measurements with a high mass and time resolution. ; We thank the organizers of the DAURE project, including Mar Viana and everybody else at ICTJA for their work and help. We acknowledge the CCES project IMBALANCE and the EU-FP7 project EUCAARI for financial support and 'Accion Complementaria DAURE' from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CGL2007-30502-E/CLI) for infrastructure support. P. F. DeCarlo is grateful for the postdoctoral support from the US-NSF (IRFP# 0701013). J. Penuelas and R. Seco were sup- ˜ ported by the Spanish Government projects CGL2010-17172 and Consolider Ingenio Montes CSD2008-00040, and by a postdoctoral grant from Fundacion Ram ´ on Areces to R. Seco. The National ´ Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation. J. L. Jimenez was supported by NSF ATM- 0919189 and DOE (BER, ASR program) DE-FG02-11ER65293. ; Peer reviewed
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The role of the nuclear degrees of freedom in nonlinear two-photon single ionization of H2 molecules interacting with short and intense vacuum ultraviolet pulses is investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, by selecting single resonant vibronic intermediate neutral states. This high selectivity relies on the narrow bandwidth and tunability of the pulses generated at the FERMI free-electron laser. A sustained enhancement of dissociative ionization, which even exceeds nondissociative ionization, is observed and controlled as one selects progressively higher vibronic states. With the help of ab initio calculations for increasing pulse durations, the photoelectron and ion energy spectra obtained with velocity map imaging allow us to identify new photoionization pathways. With pulses of the order of 100 fs, the experiment probes a timescale that lies between that of ultrafast dynamical processes and that of steady state excitations ; This research was supported by "Investissements d'Avenir" LabEx PALM (ANR-10-LABX-0039-PALM) and EquipEx ATTOLAB (ANR-11-EQPX-0005- ATTOLAB), as well as by the EU-H2020 Laserlab- Europe 654148. This work is supported by the ERC advanced Grant No. 290853—XCHEM—within the seventh framework program of the European Union. We also acknowledge the financial support from the MINECO Project No. FIS2016-77889-R and the European COST Action XLIC CM1204 and the computer time from the CCC-UAM and Marenostrum Supercomputer. A. P. acknowledges a Ramón y Cajal contract from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain). F. M. acknowledges support from the "Severo Ochoa" Program for Centres of Excellence in R&D (MINECO, Grant No. SEV-2016-0686) and the "María de Maeztu" Program for Units of Excellence in R&D (MDM-2014- 0377). D. D. and M. H. acknowledge support by Institut de Physique (CNRS). M. M. acknowledges support by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under Grants No. SFB925/A3 and CUI, No. DFG-EXC1074. We gratefully acknowledge the members of the FERMI team at Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste whose work made this experiment possible
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In: Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie: Journal of economics, Band 17, Heft 2-3, S. 349-388
ISSN: 2304-8360
Pollen is at once intimately part of the reproductive cycle of seed plants and simultaneously highly relevant for the environment (pollinators, vector for nutrients, or organisms), people (food safety and health), and climate (cloud condensation nuclei and climate reconstruction). We provide an interdisciplinary perspective on the many and connected roles of pollen to foster a better integration of the currently disparate fields of pollen research, which would benefit from the sharing of general knowledge, technical advancements, or data processing solutions. We propose a more interdisciplinary and holistic research approach that encompasses total environmental pollen diversity (ePD) (wind and animal and occasionally water distributed pollen) at multiple levels of diversity (genotypic, phenotypic, physiological, chemical, and functional) across space and time. This interdisciplinary approach holds the potential to contribute to pressing human issues, including addressing United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, fostering social and political awareness of these tiny yet important and fascinating particles.
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In: Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie: Journal of economics, Band 16, Heft 1-2, S. 237-300
ISSN: 2304-8360
How can we explain that some Popular education militants are also referring to the Information Society and thus seem to join this plan, carried to a great extent by merchants and the authorities ? Which are the stakes at work in this "meeting" ? Popular education, in addition to a long and plural history, is not homogeneous. However, Popular education is marked by a common philosophy aiming at developing social, cultural and political people's emancipation. In the mean time, political and economic authorities need to get the support of social actors to carry out the Information Society. Within this framework, associations would be the relay of the development of this society ; the necessary social mediator of this plan. Meanwhile, Popular education movements are seeking ways to appropriate this concept in order to make it able to serve the interests of Popular education. But they also question the specific purposes of this model. Indeed, the reference to the Information Society allows the militants of Popular education to update their traditional matters, and also to come out of the crisis they are facing. Lastly, if this meeting seems, at first sight, to generate consensus, the inherent conflicts in the confrontation of the values and identities do not therefore disappear and question the real stakes at work.
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In 1985 the French government created a unique circuit for the dissemination of doctoral theses: References went to a national database "Téléthèses" whereas the documents were distributed to the university libraries in microform. In the era of the electronic document this French network of deposit of and access to doctoral theses is changing. How do you discover and locate a French thesis today, how do you get hold of a paper copy and how do you access the full electronic text? What are the catalogues and databases referencing theses since the disappearance of "Téléthèses"? Where are the archives, and are they open? What is the legal environment that rules the emerging structures and tools? This paper presents national plans on referencing and archiving doctoral theses coordinated by the government as well as some initiatives for creating full text archives. These initiatives come from universities as well as from research institutions and learned societies. "Téléthèses" records have been integrated in a union catalogue of French university libraries SUDOC. University of Lyon-2 and INSA Lyon developed procedures and tools covering the entire production chain from writing to the final access in an archive: "Cyberthèses" and "Cither". The CNRS Centre for Direct Scientific Communication at Lyon (CCSD) maintains an archive ("TEL") with about 2000 theses in all disciplines. Another repository for theses in engineering, economics and management called "Pastel" is proposed by the Paris Institute of Technology (ParisTech), a consortium of 10 engineering and commercial schools of the Paris region.
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