Suchergebnisse

Diffusion du document : INRA Unité Mixte de Recherche EDRA Economie et Droit rural et agro-alimentaire Rue de la Géraudière BP 71627 44316 Nantes Cedex 03 (FRA) Diplôme : other ; Depuis la réforme de la PAC de 1992, le contexte de décision des producteurs de viande bovine dans l'Union européenne change : d'une part la baisse des prix d'intervention de la viande bovine induit un risque de variabilité accrue des prix de marché, amplifié par la longueur du processus de production ; d'autre part le versement d'aides directes déconnectées des marchés contribue à stabiliser les revenus. L'auteur construit un modèle multipériodique de programmation mathématique qui permet de simuler l'impact de ces grands changements de politique agricole sur l'extensification de la production, en prenant en compte le risque du marché. Un paramétrage technique du modèle est effectué dans deux régions, l'une extensive et spécialisée dans l'élevage (Limousin) et l'autre intensive et plus diversifiée (Pays-de-la-Loire). L'information technique disponible auprès des experts de l'Institut de l'élevage permet de disposer de fonctions de production d'ingénieur. Une enquête est réalisée auprès de 36 éleveurs pour calibrer le modèle. Celui-ci est utilisé ensuite pour simuler l'impact de nouvelles mesures de politique agricole (découplage des aides directes, éco-conditionnalité des soutiens).

Cette étude présente la situation des producteurs de viande bovine et de lait des Pays-de-la-Loire, quatre ans après la mise en application de la réforme de la PAC. Dans un contexte marqué par une distorsion croissante entre l'offre et la demande de viande bovine, les autorités communautaires s'interrogent sur l'efficacité des outils de régulation et réfléchissent à de nouvelles mesures du soutien de l'élevage. Pour anticiper sur ces éventuelles réorientations, cette étude propose de simuler les effets de scénarios alternatifs à la politique agricole actuelle à partir des données du RICA. Ces résultats mécaniques de simulation sont ensuite complétés par une analyse des adaptations potentielles de plusieurs exploitations des réseaux d'élevage des Pays-de-la-Loire (en s'appuyant sur une méthode de programmation mathématique).

A également fait l'objet d'une communication (en anglais) au 56. Séminaire de l'AEEA : L'avenir à long terme de la production de viande bovine, les 26-27/02/1998 à Paris ; National audience ; The European Commission proposal is a continuation of the former may 1992 reform, which consisted of price falls for the main agricultural products, compensated by direct subsidies to farmers, The simulation of this proposal shows an increase of direct subsidies which should represent nearly 80 % of the net farm income for the whole French professional farms (75 % for the specialised dairy farms, 120 % for the field crops farms and 170 % for the suckler farms), As far as the income is concerned, this reform proposal would weaken cattle farms, particularly suckler farms who have small incomes (-27 800 FF of the net income which rises 151 700 FF). ; Les propositions de la Commission européenne concernant une nouvelle réforme de la PAC (Agenda 2000) s'inscrivent dans la continuité de la réforme précédente (mai 1992) qui visait à abaisser les prix des principaux produits agricoles et à octroyer des paiements directs aux exploitations. La simulation de ces propositions montre un accroissement important des aides directes, qui devraient représenter à terme, sur l'ensemble des exploitations agricoles professionnelles françaises, près de 80 % du résultat courant avant impôt (75 % pour les exploitations spécialisées en production de lait, 120 % pour celles de grandes cultures et 170 % pour celles de viande bovine). Cette réforme conduirait de plus à une fragilisation économique des exploitations bovines, notamment des exploitations allaitantes qui disposent de faibles revenus initiaux (-27 800 F sur le résultat courant de 1996, qui s'élève à 151 700 F).

Les propositions de la Commission européenne concernant une nouvelle réforme de la PAC (Agenda 2000) s'inscrivent dans la continuité de la réforme précédente (mai 1992) qui visait à abaisser les prix des principaux produits agricoles et à octroyer des paiements directs aux exploitations. La simulation de ces propositions montre un accroissement important des aides directes, qui devraient représenter à terme, sur l'ensemble des exploitations agricoles professionnelles françaises, près de 80 % du résultat courant avant impôt (75 % pour les exploitations spécialisées en production de lait, 120 % pour celles de grandes cultures et 170 % pour celles de viande bovine). Cette réforme conduirait de plus à une fragilisation économique des exploitations bovines, notamment des exploitations allaitantes qui disposent de faibles revenus initiaux (-27 800 F sur le résultat courant de 1996, qui s'élève à 151 700 F). ; The European Commission proposal is a continuation of the former may 1992 reform, which consisted of price falls for the main agricultural products, compensated by direct subsidies to farmers, The simulation of this proposal shows an increase of direct subsidies which should represent nearly 80 % of the net farm income for the whole French professional farms (75 % for the specialised dairy farms, 120 % for the field crops farms and 170 % for the suckler farms), As far as the income is concerned, this reform proposal would weaken cattle farms, particularly suckler farms who have small incomes (-27 800 FF of the net income which rises 151 700 FF).

Cette étude porte sur la simulation des effets de la proposition de réforme de la politique agricole commune (Agenda 2000) sur le revenu et le montant des aides directes perçues par les exploitations bovines françaises. Réalisées à partir du Réseau d'information comptable agricole (RICA) et d'une typologie des systèmes d'élevage bovin (déterminée sur la base de plusieurs critères : types d'animaux produits, zone géographique, type de système fourrager), ces simulations soulignent une fragilisation économique des exploitations bovines et une dépendance accrue à l'égard des aides publiques.

Agricultural specialization is linked with negative environmental impact. The SYNERGY bio-economic model studies promising levers to limit these impacts: expand of legumes production and exchanges of crops and manure between farms. SYNERGY is a regional model that includes specialized farm types and models exchanges of crops (including legumes) and manure between them. To build this model, a large variety of data were collected. The aim of this paper is to present these data and specify their sources. The data implemented in SYNERGY were secondary data collected from a variety of sources or primary data generated thanks to different tools. It encompasses several domains (crop, livestock, feed, fertilization), and several scales, from national data (France), to local data (administrative regions). The data set presents three specific features. First, it includes data on feed costs that are differentiated according to their origin. Secondly, it includes detailed data on legumes, from their production to their use in feed. Thirdly, it includes data to calculate two environmental indicators on nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen losses. Thus, the data set of the SYNERGY model represents a valuable collection of agronomic, economic and environmental data to develop further research on the production of legumes, the different feeding strategies and their related environmental and economic impacts of agroecosystems.

Agricultural specialization is linked with negative environmental impact. The SYNERGY bio-economic model studies promising levers to limit these impacts: expand of legumes production and exchanges of crops and manure between farms. SYNERGY is a regional model that includes specialized farm types and models exchanges of crops (including legumes) and manure between them. To build this model, a large variety of data were collected. The aim of this paper is to present these data and specify their sources. The data implemented in SYNERGY were secondary data collected from a variety of sources or primary data generated thanks to different tools. It encompasses several domains (crop, livestock, feed, fertilization), and several scales, from national data (France), to local data (administrative regions). The data set presents three specific features. First, it includes data on feed costs that are differentiated according to their origin. Secondly, it includes detailed data on legumes, from their production to their use in feed. Thirdly, it includes data to calculate two environmental indicators on nitrogen efficiency and nitrogen losses. Thus, the data set of the SYNERGY model represents a valuable collection of agronomic, economic and environmental data to develop further research on the production of legumes, the different feeding strategies and their related environmental and economic impacts of agroecosystems.

International audience ; The European Union relies on imports to meet the protein requirements of its livestock. Regions specialized in livestock production suffer even more from a deficit in protein self-sufficiency. Legumes represent an interesting source of plant protein. However, despite public policies promoting legume production, their use in animal feed remains limited. The aim of this study was to define levers to increase protein self-sufficiency in western France with a view to reducing negative environmental impacts of agricultural production. A regional foresight was performed to define innovative levers for legume production, which could improve protein self-sufficiency. Then, a modeling framework was developed to assess economic and environmental impacts of different levers. It combines a Computable Generable Equilibrium model and the regional model SYNERGY, which simulates local exchanges of crops between farms. Results showed that an increase in coupled support for legumes leads to an increase in legume production but has no influence on protein self-sufficiency or other indicators, since legumes are not used in greater amounts in feed. When the demand for GMO-free animal products increases, the production of legumes, including multispecies grassland, increases substantially, and most livestock are fed legumes. However, on pig farms, protein self-sufficiency decreases because legume production does not meet the quantity needed by pig rations. Local exchange of crops between farms was limited. Regional profit increases, but environmental indicators do not improve, in part due to the increase in legume imports from outside western France. In such a highly specialized region, improvement in protein self-sufficiency seems relatively limited, and a decrease in livestock production should be considered to meet this objective and improve environmental results.

International audience ; The European Union relies on imports to meet the protein requirements of its livestock. Regions specialized in livestock production suffer even more from a deficit in protein self-sufficiency. Legumes represent an interesting source of plant protein. However, despite public policies promoting legume production, their use in animal feed remains limited. The aim of this study was to define levers to increase protein self-sufficiency in western France with a view to reducing negative environmental impacts of agricultural production. A regional foresight was performed to define innovative levers for legume production, which could improve protein self-sufficiency. Then, a modeling framework was developed to assess economic and environmental impacts of different levers. It combines a Computable Generable Equilibrium model and the regional model SYNERGY, which simulates local exchanges of crops between farms. Results showed that an increase in coupled support for legumes leads to an increase in legume production but has no influence on protein self-sufficiency or other indicators, since legumes are not used in greater amounts in feed. When the demand for GMO-free animal products increases, the production of legumes, including multispecies grassland, increases substantially, and most livestock are fed legumes. However, on pig farms, protein self-sufficiency decreases because legume production does not meet the quantity needed by pig rations. Local exchange of crops between farms was limited. Regional profit increases, but environmental indicators do not improve, in part due to the increase in legume imports from outside western France. In such a highly specialized region, improvement in protein self-sufficiency seems relatively limited, and a decrease in livestock production should be considered to meet this objective and improve environmental results.

Les nouveaux enjeux de la filière blé dur française nécessitent de repenser les systèmes de production vers des itinéraires techniques innovants à bas intrants. Les pratiques de réduction de l'utilisation des intrants de synthèse contribuent au respect de la réglementation environnementale mais peuvent aussi modifier le niveau de productivité des cultures et augmenter sa variabilité. Le risque de rendement s'ajoute au risque de fluctuation des prix de marché. La souscription de contrats entre agriculteur et collecteur peut permettre de gérer ces risques, une des fonctions du contrat étant de partager les risques entre les parties. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur l'effet d'une offre de contrats diversifiés sur l'adoption par les agriculteurs d'itinéraires techniques innovants à bas intrants. Nous construisons un modèle dynamique en programmation stochastique discrète proposant une articulation originale entre l'adoption d'un changement de pratiques et l'adoption séquentielle de contrats de commercialisation. Nous intégrons les choix de production et les choix de commercialisation séquentiels d'un producteur spécialisé en blé dur. Nous montrons que bien que moins rentables en moyenne, les itinéraires techniques à bas intrants peuvent atteindre des prix d'intérêts plus élevés si le choix de production est accompagné de certains types de contrats qui diminuent le risque de marché.

ISI Document Delivery No.: HN5FPTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 42Carof, Matthieu Godinot, Olivier Ridier, AudeFrench region, Brittany; French region, Pays de la LoireThis work was funded by two French regions, Brittany and Pays de la Loire, in the project SECURIPROT.0Springer franceParis1773-0155 ; International audience ; AbstractIn the European Union (EU), local production of protein crops (faba bean, field pea, lupins) is of primary interest to help farmers depend less on purchased feed, provide agronomic benefits to cropping systems, and increase the EU's protein self-sufficiency. Nonetheless, farmers rarely grow protein crops, which currently represent less than 1% of the EU's arable land. We assumed that exploration of farmers' practices will bring focus on (i) their motivations for growing protein crops, so that extension programs can be improved based on these motivations, and (ii) the diversity of their crop management so that promising ones can be disseminated. In western France, a two-step survey was conducted among farmers who grew protein crops. The first step was an online survey of 127 farmers that aimed to characterize their farming systems. The second step was a face-to-face survey (69 volunteers from the 127 farmers) that aimed to collect precise data on management of protein crops. The main motivations of surveyed farmers for growing protein crops were related to (i) replacing imported soybean with farm-grown protein crops and (ii) pre-crop values of protein crops (i.e., benefits of protein crops for subsequent crops). Based on conventional farmers' answers, we estimated a pre-crop value of 118 € ha−1, which notably contributes to gross profit at the crop-rotation scale. Moreover, in our study, yields of protein crops did not differ significantly between conventional and organic systems. This offers an interesting opportunity for conventional systems to integrate organic practices, such as complex intercropping, to reduce variable costs (costs of seeds, pesticides, regulators, and ...

ISI Document Delivery No.: HN5FPTimes Cited: 0Cited Reference Count: 42Carof, Matthieu Godinot, Olivier Ridier, AudeFrench region, Brittany; French region, Pays de la LoireThis work was funded by two French regions, Brittany and Pays de la Loire, in the project SECURIPROT.0Springer franceParis1773-0155 ; International audience ; AbstractIn the European Union (EU), local production of protein crops (faba bean, field pea, lupins) is of primary interest to help farmers depend less on purchased feed, provide agronomic benefits to cropping systems, and increase the EU's protein self-sufficiency. Nonetheless, farmers rarely grow protein crops, which currently represent less than 1% of the EU's arable land. We assumed that exploration of farmers' practices will bring focus on (i) their motivations for growing protein crops, so that extension programs can be improved based on these motivations, and (ii) the diversity of their crop management so that promising ones can be disseminated. In western France, a two-step survey was conducted among farmers who grew protein crops. The first step was an online survey of 127 farmers that aimed to characterize their farming systems. The second step was a face-to-face survey (69 volunteers from the 127 farmers) that aimed to collect precise data on management of protein crops. The main motivations of surveyed farmers for growing protein crops were related to (i) replacing imported soybean with farm-grown protein crops and (ii) pre-crop values of protein crops (i.e., benefits of protein crops for subsequent crops). Based on conventional farmers' answers, we estimated a pre-crop value of 118 € ha−1, which notably contributes to gross profit at the crop-rotation scale. Moreover, in our study, yields of protein crops did not differ significantly between conventional and organic systems. This offers an interesting opportunity for conventional systems to integrate organic practices, such as complex intercropping, to reduce variable costs (costs of seeds, pesticides, regulators, and ...

Les nouveaux enjeux de la filière blé dur française nécessitent de repenser les systèmes de production vers des itinéraires techniques innovants à bas intrants. Les pratiques de réduction de l'utilisation des intrants de synthèse contribuent au respect de la réglementation environnementale mais peuvent aussi modifier le niveau de productivité des cultures et augmenter sa variabilité. Le risque de rendement s'ajoute au risque de fluctuation des prix de marché. La souscription de contrats entre agriculteur et collecteur peut permettre de gérer ces risques, une des fonctions du contrat étant de partager les risques entre les parties. Dans cet article, nous nous interrogeons sur l'effet d'une offre de contrats diversifiés sur l'adoption par les agriculteurs d'itinéraires techniques innovants à bas intrants. Nous construisons un modèle dynamique en programmation stochastique discrète proposant une articulation originale entre l'adoption d'un changement de pratiques et l'adoption séquentielle de contrats de commercialisation. Nous intégrons les choix de production et les choix de commercialisation séquentiels d'un producteur spécialisé en blé dur. Nous montrons que bien que moins rentables en moyenne, les itinéraires techniques à bas intrants peuvent atteindre des prix d'intérêts plus élevés si le choix de production est accompagné de certains types de contrats qui diminuent le risque de marché.

The European Union (EU) relies on imports to meet the protein requirements of livestock. The Common Agricultural Policy aims at improving EU protein self-sufficiency by developing the production of protein-rich crops such as legumes. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impacts of increased protein self-sufficiency through legume development at the regional level. To do so, the SYNERGY bio-economic model is set up. This model accounts for (i) different scales, (ii) different types of farm, (iii) different pedological and climatic conditions and (iv) possible exchanges of organic fertilizers and crops between farms. It analyzes both economic and environmental impacts, in terms of revenues and use of nitrogen. The main assumption is that the complementarity between specialized crop farms and livestock farms can increase protein self-sufficiency while having positive economic and environmental impacts at the regional level. The results show that protein self-sufficiency can be slightly enhanced thanks to exchanges between farms, as long as locally purchased crops are at least 10% cheaper than world purchased ones. This price differential can represent the saving in terms of transport and transaction costs. When local exchanges are possible and a GMO-free certification is set up, legume-based rations are dominant in livestock farms, and the protein self-sufficiency is even more enhanced. In both situations, the economic consequences are positive as incomes increase at the regional level. However, the impacts in term of nitrogen management are more reserved.

The European Union (EU) relies on imports to feed livestock. In particular, protein self-sufficiency in EU for feed is not reached. Most of imported protein rich feed consist of soybean meals, which raises questions in terms of deforestation, consumer expectations for GMO-free products and security of supply. In this context, the 2014 CAP aims at improving protein self-sufficiency in EU for feed by developing production of protein-rich crops, such as legumes. Nevertheless, the development of legumes still faces economic and environmental challenges (Watson et al., 2017), such as lower annual gross margins per hectare than those of major crops and regulatory constraints which prohibit the spreading of animal manure on most legumes.The purpose of this paper is to implement an appropriate stylized framework to assess the impacts of increased protein self-sufficiency through legume development at the regional level. Both economic and environmental impacts have to be studied. Mathematical programming models offer a prospective analysis, which permits to assess agricultural practices even though they have not been introduced at large scale yet. Among mathematical programming, bio-economic models permits to assess both economic and environmental impacts. In the case of legume production, several bio-economic models have been conducted, at the field scale and at the farm scale (Schläfke et al., 2014). Such models are relevant because decision-making processes take place at the farm scale and because they help appraising farm's sustainability. However, they fail to give indicators at higher scales, while this may be useful to policy makers. Hybrid models (Britz et al., 2012) address this issue by aggregating results from the farm to the region. These models usually take into account the diversity of farms but they badly represent the heterogeneity of soil and climate conditions. In the case of legume production, conditions such as soil pH and water deficit have to be taken into account because they limit the ...