Suchergebnisse

Der Übergang zur Elternschaft zieht bis heute eine ungleiche und geschlechtsspezifische Aufteilung von bezahlter Arbeit und Kinderbetreuungsarbeit nach sich. Die Erwerbsunterbrechung von Eltern und der damit einhergehende Einkommensverlust werden in Österreich von staatlicher Seite finanziell unterstützt, wobei Eltern vielfältige Möglichkeiten der Nutzung von Kinderbetreuungsgeld und Elternkarenz haben. Dieser Beitrag untersucht, wie Mütter und Väter vor und nach der Geburt ihres ersten Kindes die Organisation ihrer Karenzzeit legitimieren; unabhängig davon, ob und wie sie diese aufteilen. Auf Basis einer qualitativen Längsschnittstudie (66 Interviews mit Müttern und Vätern zu drei Zeitpunkten) werden vier zentrale Legitimierungen identifiziert: ökonomische, erwerbszentrierte, kindzentrierte und rollenspezifische Legitimierungen. Die daraus resultierenden Legitimierungsmuster und die geschlechtsspezifischen Differenzierungen zeigen die Wirkmächtigkeit sozialer Normen auf.

AbstractThis paper examines native consumption practices in immigrant grocery stores. Drawing on qualitative research on immigrant food retail in Vienna, we reveal how native Austrians use immigrant grocery shops, how they purchase products and which meanings they attribute to the act of shopping. We identified two different modes of shopping: Whileconsuming for convenienceis driven by aspects of practicability,consuming for exceptionalityis related to the attraction of 'the foreign'. This typology corresponds with two special types of consumers: The 'Because'-consumers use immigrant shops mainlybecause ofthe ethnicity associated with the shops, the owners and their staff. The 'Nevertheless'-consumers use these shopsin spite ofthe entrepreneurs' (imagined) ethnic origin and their migrant background. While 'Because'-consumers run the risk of reproducing ethnic stereotypes, the 'Nevertheless'- consumers may tend to retain or even strengthen their xenophobic resentments. These results partly challenge previous findings which argue that natives' shopping routines in immigrant stores have become increasingly ordinary. We conclude by suggesting further research to examine the conditions under which an everyday engagement with foreign culture is promoted – without falling into the trap of reproducing symbolic boundaries between the majority and the minority.

Der Beitrag widmet sich Fremdheitserfahrungen einheimischer KundInnen in migrantischen Lebensmittelgeschäften in Wien. Anhand von 31 leitfadengestützten Interviews mit österreichischen KundInnen ohne Migrationshintergrund und 15 Go-Alongs (Begleitungen von KundInnen bei ihrem Einkauf) untersuchen wir, wie Fremdheit thematisiert, erlebt und wahrgenommen wird und wie diese Fremdheitserfahrungen im Zusammenhang mit symbolischen Grenzziehungen zwischen Mehrheit und Minderheit(en) stehen. Als relevant erweist sich dieses Thema vor dem Hintergrund aktueller politischer und wissenschaftlicher Debatten um das Integrationspotenzial migrantischer Ökonomien. Insbesondere Geschäfte und Restaurants gelten als interethnische Kontaktzonen, die den Abbau von Vorurteilen fördern und zu mehr Aufgeschlossenheit und Offenheit gegenüber »fremden« Kulturen beitragen. In unserem Artikel beschreiben wir vier Modi der Fremdheitserfahrung, die wiederum mit unterschiedlichen Arten symbolischer Grenzen korrespondieren. Während die bedrohliche Fremdheit sowie die vergnügliche Fremdheit mit einer Verfestigung von Grenzen zwischen »dem Eigenen« und »dem Fremden« einhergehen, zeigt sich bei der verunsichernden Fremdheit eine Perforation und bei der alltäglichen Fremdheit eine Verwischung von symbolischen Grenzen.

Numerous studies have explored parents' unequal involvement in care work, emphasising the formative power of the first period of parenthood. However, detailed knowledge of how care work is interlinked between parents in everyday practice during the transition to parenthood and how these linkages are related to gendered inequality is limited. Based on an Austrian qualitative longitudinal study with first-time parents (66 individual interviews with 11 couples during pregnancy, 6 and 24 months postpartum), we developed a typology of parental involvement in care that captures the relationality of parents' practices, their fluidity over time and that embraces six types of interrelated parenting practices. Results show how parental involvement is constituted by a complex interplay and sequence of parenting practices performed by both parents. With regards to gender inequality in care work, we demonstrate that parents are thus situated on a continuum between equality, dichotomy, ambiguity and inequality when doing care work. The results systematise the tremendous variety of parents' interrelated involvement in care work.

The birth of a child often reinforces an unequal division of employment and care work among heterosexual couples. Parental leave programmes that foster long leaves tend to increase this inequality within couples. However, by investigating a particularly long parental leave system, we show that specific practices enable parents to share care work equally. Our ethnographic study includes interviews with heterosexual couples, observations in prenatal classes and information material available to parents. Specific sets of practices – managing economic security, negotiating employment, sharing information with peers and feeding practices – involved parents who shared care work equally and parents who divided care work unequally. Contingent on specific situated practices, the arrangement of care work shifted in an equal or unequal direction. Even within long parental leaves, equality between parents was facilitated when economic security was provided through means other than income, when work hours were flexible, mothers had a close relationship to work, information on sharing equally was available and children were bottle-fed. Consequently, an equal share of care work is not the effect of solely structural, individual, cultural or normative matters, but of their entanglement in practices.

"Although fathers' involvement in care work has increased, the transition to parenthood still implies a gendered division of labour. In order to gain more knowledge of this ambivalence, we focus on the variability of father involvement at this transition. Based on an Austrian qualitative longitudinal study with couples experiencing the transition to first-time parenthood, we examined how fathers' affective, cognitive and behavioural involvement varies across the transition process. Changes in fathers' involvement culminated at particular points in time, conceptualised as turning points. Results show that the transition to fatherhood is characterised by a variety of prepregnancy, prenatal and postnatal turning points at which father involvement undergoes crucial transformations. Father involvement varies not only between fathers, but also within individual transitions. The study indicates that turning points contribute to the dynamics and fluidity of the transition process." (author's abstract)