This paper examines the role of NGOs in rebuilding socio-political order in South Sudan. It describes the socio-political determinants of the last ten years which will throw some light on the political stage in South Sudan and might contribute to the main question of who really has the political power and influence in South Sudan today. ; CONTENTS -- History of the conflict and INGO-involvement -- Present situation -- INGOs in South Sudan – The role of OLS -- The relationship between SPLM/A-SRRA and INGOs -- The 'Agreement on Ground-Rules'and the 'Memorandum of Understanding' between OLS/INGOs and SPLM -- Dimensions of the political impact of INGOs -- INGOs as peace-makers or war-mongers?Creating normality in an abnormal situation -- Shaping a ramshackle state: Ground-Rules as INGO-legislation and the Memorandum of Understanding as proxy for laws -- Civil society - The role of the churches, SINGOs, and new institutions